Richard de Willoughby

Sir Richard Willoughby III (c. 1290 – 14 March 1362) was an English landowner, politician and judge from Nottinghamshire, who was Chief Justice of the King's Bench for three periods between 1332 and 1340.[1][2]

Sir Richard Willoughby III
22nd Lord Chief Justice of England
In office 28 March 1332 – 20 September 1332
Monarch	Edward III
Prime Minister	Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (as Lord High Steward)
Chancellor	John Stratford
Preceded by	Geoffrey Scrope
Succeeded by	Geoffrey Scrope
24th Lord Chief Justice of England
In office 10 September 1333 – 1337
Monarch	Edward III
Prime Minister	Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (as Lord High Steward)
Chancellor	John Stratford (1333-1334) Richard Bury (1334-1335) John Stratford (1335-1337)
Preceded by	Geoffrey Scrope
Succeeded by	Geoffrey Scrope
26th Lord Chief Justice of England
In office October 1338 – 21 July 1340
Monarch	Edward III
Prime Minister	Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (as Lord High Steward)
Chancellor	Richard Wentworth (1338-1340) John Stratford (1340) Robert Stratford (1340)
Preceded by	Geoffey Scrope
Succeeded by	Robert Parning
Personal details
Born	c. 1290
Died	March 14, 1362 (aged 71–72)
Resting place	Willoughby on the Wolds, Nottinghamshire
Nationality	English
Spouse(s)	Isabel Mortein Joan Charron Elizabeth Vautort
Parents	Sir Richard Willoughby II

Origins

Born about 1290, his father was Sir Richard Willoughby II, Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas until his death in 1325.[1]

Career

After legal training and before he came into his inheritance, he represented Nottinghamshire in the Parliament of February 1324. Later that year he was appointed a serjeant-at-law, becoming in 1328 a Justice of the Common Pleas and in 1330 was promoted to the Court of the King's Bench. In 1332, while serving on a judicial commission in the East Midlands, he was kidnapped by the infamous Folville gang and their Coterel allies, who wanted 1300 marks for his release.[3] Willoughby was notoriously corrupt[4][5]—the royal yearbooks would later report Willoughby as selling the laws of the land "as if they were cattle or oxen"[6][7]—and according to the near-contemporary Knighton's Chronicon, the Coterel associates had much to feel aggrieved about.[8] He was able to raise the money and was compensated by the government with an annual payment of 100 marks.[1]

On three occasions he served briefly as Lord Chief Justice during the absence of Geoffrey Scrope. Controversy again surrounded him when on judicial business in 1340 he was besieged for two days at Thurcaston in Leicestershire by another criminal gang. Later that year, as part of King Edward III's purge of the administration, he was demoted to puisne rank, transferred back to the lower court of common pleas and then imprisoned in Corfe Castle in Dorset on charges of corruption. On trial the next year he eventually pleaded guilty and paid a 1200 mark fine, followed by a humiliating circuit round the county courts to answer any local accusations. Whatever faults caused his downfall, he seemed to be forgiven by 1343 when he was reappointed to the common pleas bench, where he served until his retirement in 1357.[1]

In parallel with his judicial career, he actively added to the not inadequate lands his father had left him, primarily in his native Nottinghamshire. In addition, he benefited from lands brought to him in his three marriages, particularly the last. By his death he had increased his annual income in rents, coming out of nineteen counties, from about 140 pounds in 1325 to over 500 pounds, a massive amount at the time.[1]

He died on 14 March 1362 and was buried in the church of Willoughby on the Wolds in Nottinghamshire, where his monument can still be seen.[1]

Family

In 1310, when he was about 20, he married his first wife Isabel (died 1332), daughter of Sir Roger Mortein, of Dunsby in Lincolnshire, and his wife Isabel, daughter of William Touchet. After her death, in 1333 he married Joan (died 1342), widow of Sir Bertram Monboucher (died 1332) and daughter and sole heiress of Sir Guiscard Charron, of Beamish in County Durham (died 1314). His third wife was Elizabeth (died after 1363), widow of Sir Richard Champernowne (died 1338), of Modbury in Devon.[1]

His daughter and heiress was Lucy, who married first Sir Thomas Huscarle (died 1352), of Purley Magna in Berkshire, and secondly Nicholas Carew, of Beddington in Surrey.[1]

References

1. Payling, S. J. (2004), "Willoughby, Sir Richard (c.1290–1362)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, retrieved 21 July 2017
2. "Biography of Sir Richard Willoughby (c.1290-1362) - The University of Nottingham". www.nottingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
3. Patent Rolls 1232–1509. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPatent_Rolls1232–1509 (help)
4. Richmond 2002, p. 7. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRichmond2002 (help)
5. Bubenicek & Partington 2015, p. 171. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBubenicekPartington2015 (help)
6. Payling 1991, p. 33. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPayling1991 (help)
7. Hanna & Turville-Petre 2010, p. 5. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHannaTurville-Petre2010 (help)
8. Spraggs 2001, p. 19. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSpraggs2001 (help)

Further reading

• M. Bloom, The careers of Sir Richard II de Willoughby and Sir Richard III de Willoughby, chief justice of the king's bench (1338–1340), and the rise of the Willoughbys of Nottinghamshire, DPhil dissertation, University of Oxford, 1985.