Robert Mawer

Robert Mawer (Nidderdale 1807 - Leeds 10 November 1854) was an architectural sculptor, based in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. He specialised in the Gothic Revival and Neoclassical styles. He created the Neoclassical keystone heads on St George's Hall, Bradford and on Moorland's House, Leeds, and was working on the keystone heads at Leeds Town Hall when he died. He was a founding member of the Mawer Group of Leeds architectural sculptors, which included his wife, Catherine Mawer, his son Charles Mawer, and his apprentices William Ingle, Matthew Taylor and Benjamin Payler, who all became sculptors with their own careers. Many of the buildings enhanced with sculpture by Robert Mawer are now listed by Historic England.

Robert Mawer
Portrait of Robert Mawer in medieval bishop's mitre, aged 44–45 years, in St James' Church, Boroughbridge
Born	circa 1807 Nidderdale
Died	10 November 1854, aged 47 years Leeds
Resting place	Former St Mark's churchyard, Woodhouse, Leeds
Nationality	British
Notable work	Architectural sculpture on: Leeds Minster, 1841 Mill Hill Chapel, 1848 St George's Hall, Bradford, 1853 Moorlands House, Leeds, 1854 Leeds Town Hall, 1854
Style	Gothic Revival Neoclassical
Movement	Aesthetic movement Romanticism Gothic Revival Neoclassicism
Spouse(s)	Catherine Mawer
Memorial(s)	Mawer memorial

Background

He was born around 1807 in Nidderdale. He was baptised at Middlesmoor in 1808, the son of William Mawer of Haden Carr.[1][2] The 1841 Census finds him living in New Huddersfield, Leeds.[3] He is listed as a stonemason, and his name is misspelt "Mower". With him is his wife Catherine; both their ages are wrongly listed as 30 years. Also with him is their son Charles, aged 2 years, and Catherine's mother Elizabeth Scriven, aged 70 years.[4] In the 1851 Census, Robert is aged 43 and living at 6a Oxford Place, Leeds, with his wife Catherine and son Charles. He describes himself as a master stone cutter employing four men.[5]

Media related to Memorials to relatives of sculptor Robert Mawer at Wikimedia Commons

Career

Portrait of Mawer (ca.1854) by his wife Catherine

If Mawer's apprenticeship as a stone carver was served between the ages of fourteen and twenty-one years as per tradition, then he would have been qualified to work as a top sculptor from about 1828. It is not known where he served his apprenticeship, but since he was born in Nidderdale and married in Ripley, it is possible that he was apprenticed to a master stone carver at Ripon Cathedral where he could have gained the skills and knowledge that he used in all his works and taught to his apprentices. No documentary attributions for work have been found until 1837, so he was possibly working for another sculptor between 1828 and 1837. He was active as an architectural sculptor in the Gothic Revival and Neoclassical styles from at least 1837 until his death.[6] However he does not appear in trade directories until 1848.[7][8][9][10] From an unknown date until 1842, Mawer was a partner in Collitt & Co, stonemasons of Leeds, with Hugh Collitt and George Hope.[11][12] The Leeds Times described him in his obituary as follows:[13]

"One who was extensively known and much respected in this town. Mr Robert Mawer was a man eminent in his department as an architectural sculptor. The manner in which he acquitted himself in connection with the rebuilding of our beautiful Parish Church gave promise of his capabilities. As a "medieval sculptor" specimens of his work are to be seen in the numerous church screens, fonts and other forms of ecclesiastical decoration which he has executed in various parts of the kingdom. During the last few years of his life he devoted himself more to classic architecture, and his excellence in this department is evident in such buildings as St George's Hall, Bradford; The Leeds and Yorkshire Assurance Company's offices in Leeds; and the Unitarian Chapel, Leeds."[13]

Leeds Civic Trust arranged to unveil a blue plaque At the Henry Moore Institute on 11 July 2019, commemorating the work of Robert Mawer, Catherine Mawer and William Ingle. This plaque was to be affixed to Moorlands House, Albion Street, Leeds, at a later date.[14]

Death

Keystone head of Mawer with feather in his cap (ca.1854) by his wife Catherine

He died on 10 November 1854,[15] of chronic bronchitis, aged 47 years, at Oxford Place. His nephew William Ingle, who was then living at 1 Oxford Row, Leeds, was in attendance. He is buried with his wife Catherine in the churchyard of St Mark, Woodhouse, Leeds,[2] where he is commemorated with a memorial carved by Catherine.[16]

Media related to Mawer memorial at Wikimedia Commons

Works

The other top sculptors in his stone yard, who contributed to work attributed to Robert, were his wife Catherine Mawer and his nephew William Ingle, who both continued to run the stone yard after Robert died. His young apprentices were his son Charles Mawer, and Charles' contemporaries Matthew Taylor and Benjamin Payler; all three later formed their own careers as top sculptors. His final works on buildings which were formally opened after his death, for example Leeds Town Hall, were attributed to his wife Catherine, who completed those works. The following list of works from 1837 until his death in 1854, is limited to those attributed to him by name, in contemporary newspapers and other documents, such as the attribution for work at St Paul, Manningham.[17]

St Peter's, Leeds (Leeds Minster), 1837-1841

Beckett memorial (1849)

This is a Grade I listed building.[18] The foundation stone of Leeds Minster, formerly St Peter's or Leeds parish church, was laid in 1837, and it was consecrated on 2 September 1841.[19][20] It was designed by Robert Dennis Chantrell.[21] Robert Mawer executed the general carving of the building, and this work "gave promise of his capabilities."[13] He also produced the memorial to Christopher Beckett, designed by John Dobson, and completed in February 1849. "The whole of the work is of the very best description, the utmost attention having been paid to detail, and the carving will bear comparison with any of the ancient models."[22]

In 1838, Chantrell's men found a Saxon cross in the church:

"When the [previous] Parish Church was taken down, in 1838, the fragments of crosses found there (with the exception of the large [thirteen feet in height] cross taken to London by Mr Chantrell) were removed to the yard of Mr Mawer, stone sculptor, Leeds, from whose widow these valuable relics were obtained a few days since [in January 1857], by Mr Denny, for the Museum of the Philosophical Hall. These fragments lay upon the table during the meeting ..." (Leeds Intelligencer and Leeds Mercury 24 January 1857)[23][24]

The cross taken away by Chantrell was rescued from his garden after he died in 1875, and was re-erected in Leeds parish church. Around 1838, Chantrell gave a lecture about the remaining fragments of crosses, which were then "carried away by cartloads" by the public. It appears that all or some of these were found in Mawer's stone yard that same year, and are now in Leeds City Museum.[25]

Media related to Leeds Parish Church at Wikimedia Commons

Holy Trinity, Queen's Head (Queensbury), West End, Bradford, 1843−1845

Holy Trinity

This is a Grade II listed building in Queensbury, Bradford.[26][27] It was designed by James Mallinson, and the foundation stone was laid on Monday 17 April 1843.[28][29] The building was consecrated on Friday 29 August 1845.[30]

It has a "3-light east window with enriched clustered colonnettes, surmounted by well-carved angels, a beast and a bird ... 2-bay tower arcade with well carved life-sized angel in octofoiled opening over." and was restored in 1885 by T.H. and F. Healey.[26] Mallinson and Healey were employing Mawer for their neo-gothic carving in the 1840s, but the authorship of these carvings is yet unconfirmed.

Media related to Holy Trinity Church, Queensbury, West Yorkshire at Wikimedia Commons

Church of St Paul and St Jude, Manningham, 1846−1848

Label stop in style of ship's figurehead[31]

Original pulpit carved by Mawer

This is a Grade II listed building.[32] The foundation stone of St Paul's was laid on 3 November 1846 in Manningham, Bradford,[33][34] and the building was consecrated on 2 October 1848.[35] The architects were Mallinson and Healey.[33] When Mawer carved the label stops and corbels of the building in the form of heads, he and William Ingle were already "Mallinson and Healey's favourite stone masons". Mawer carved the original font and pulpit, however the pulpit was replaced in 1960 by one of oak, and the font has been painted in beige gloss.[36]

The Bradford Observer described the arcade in the nave, and the font, in 1848:

"The drip stones or labels terminate in busts of various designs, and most admirably carved, the work of Mr Mawer, of Leeds, who also executed the font. These busts support banded shafts which bear the trusses of the roof... The font which stands near the second pier from the west on the south side of the nave, is of Early English design. It is circular and rests on five detached shafts. The bowl is arcaded, in the heads of which are evangelistic emblems (an eagle, emblem of St John; and ox, emblem of St Luke; a lion, symbol of St Mark; and a man, symbol of St Matthew), and heads. The cover is of oak, and ornamented with iron scroll work."[17][37]

Media related to Saint Paul Church (Manningham, Bradford) at Wikimedia Commons

Mill Hill Unitarian Chapel, Leeds, 1847-1848

Winged man label stop on east porch

Mill Hill Chapel is a Grade II* listed building in Leeds City Square, opened on 27 December 1848,[38] and designed by architects Bowman & Crowther of Manchester.[39] Robert Mawer executed the original stone carving.[40]

At the opening in 1848, the Preston Chronicle described the carved elements thus:

"There are no tiebeams, but the roofs are strengthened by carved pieces of timber, which meet in the centre and form pointed arches supported on carved stone corbels. The seats ... [have] standards terminated with what are technically called "poppy heads" of different designs. The pulpit is placed on the east side of the chancel arch, close to the pillar. It is octagonal in form, decorated with shafts and arches, and is of stone."[40]

The English Heritage Grade II* listing specifies:

"... an arch-braced roof with angels carved on the brackets, and stone corbels also carved with angels. The nave has original pews with crocketed finials ... pulpit of Caen stone on the west side."[39]

The Mill Hill Chapel replaced a previous Mill Hill Chapel which stood on Park Row, Leeds, between 1672 and 1847. Two of its pillars were removed to Meanwood Park and re-erected there.[41] The present Mill Hill chapel was affected by fire following an air raid on 14 March 1941.[42]

Media related to Mill Hill Unitarian Chapel, Leeds at Wikimedia Commons

Church of St Matthew, Bankfoot, Bradford, 1848–1849

Romanesque-style capital with half-hidden lion

This is a Grade II listed building on Carr Bottom Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire,[43] designed by Mallinson & Healey of Bradford.[44] The foundations stone was laid on 13 September 1848,[44] and the church was consecrated on Wednesday 12 December 1849.[45][46]

The Bradford Observer said in 1849:[44]

"The font (very similar to the one in S. Mary Magdalene, Oxford), which is placed near to the West end of the Nave, is in keeping with the architecture of the church, which is flowing decorated, and is extremely beautiful both as to design and execution. Its form is octagonal, and each face filled with rich flowing tracery, similar to the windows of the North and south aisles. On its base or lowest member the following legend is carved in ancient letters: "Armee de foi hardi." The whole stands on a broad step, having a projection on the West for the use of the officiating minister. It is large enough for immersion, is lined with lead, and has a water drain. It is of Caen stone, and together with all the carved work of the church, from the chisel of Mr Mawer of Leeds, of whose skill in this branch of ecclesiastical decoration it were needless to speak whilst such specimens of this, and many others scattered up and down the country, remain to testify."[44][45]

The font is now lost, having disappeared from the church precincts during the re-ordering clear-out of 2010. The altar, the carved wooden pulpit, altar rails and pews (all by Ives of Shipley), the brass eagle lectern and other artefacts have been removed; however Ives' carved wooden reredos and Mawer's carvings on the building itself remain. At the consecration the Leeds Intelligencer reported:[47]

Over the inner doorway of the porch as we enter, the following text is carved on the face of the arch in the old church letter: "They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength." [In the chancel] the capitals are floreated and decorated with foliage interspersed with figures. The carving on the N. capital represents Sampson and Delilah, and on the S. David with the lion's jaw.[47]

Media related to St Matthew, Bankfoot, Bradford at Wikimedia Commons

St Michael and All Angels, Shelf, Halifax, 1849–1850

Font with crowd of carved angels at St Michael's

This building, designed by James Mallinson and Thomas Healey, is not listed. It is in Carr House Road, Shelf, West Yorkshire, between Bradford and Halifax. The foundation stone was laid on 27 February 1849, and the building was consecrated on 11 June 1850 by the Bishop of Ripon.[48][46]

According to the Morning Post in 1850: The four windows on the north side have "dripstones terminating in well-carved heads." On the porch, the "dripstone of the outer archway terminates in the head of a bishop and a queen." The three lights of the east window are "terminated with a dripstone resting on well-carved heads." In the nave, the roof trusses "spring from shafts resting upon carved heads and arched braces." The inner chancel arch "rests upon corbel shafts with floriated capitals." In the chancel "the roof is similar to the nave, except that the space above the collar is filled in with foliations. The doorway into the vestry is beneath a depressed pointed arch, whose dripstone rests upon carved heads."[48]

"The font, which is circular, has carved upon it various angels, in harmony with the dedication of the church, which is to St Michael and All Angels. Around the upper limb of the font is this inscription - Likewise I say unto you there is joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth.[49] On its base is the following legend, One Lord, one Faith, one Baptism.[50] It has a flat cover, ornamental, with rich iron scroll work. Altogether, this font, as to its design by the architects, and its execution by Mr Mawer of Leeds, is one of the most satisfactory we have seen for a length of time. We strongly recommend Mr Mawer to the notice of all church builders." (Morning Post, 24 June 1850)[48]

However the building now has "upgraded facilities", and the label stops on the porch are now missing.[51]

Media related to St Michael and All Angels Church, Shelf at Wikimedia Commons

St Mary the Virgin, Quarry Hill, Leeds, restoration 1850

St Mary in 1945

St Mary's was a large church designed by local architect Thomas Taylor with tower and clock on St Mary's street, Quarry Hill, Leeds. It was demolished in 1979.[52] The foundation stone of this "massive Gothic hall church with aisles as high as the nave"[52] was laid on 29 January 1823.[53] It was completed in 1826,[54] and consecrated on 12 October of the same year by the Archbishop of York[55][56] It cost £12,520 to build, using stone from Bramley and Horsforth quarries.[57][58] The Ripon and Leeds Diocesan Office is now on the site of the nave. Part of the graveyard remains.[59][60]

The church had repairs and alterations in 1850, when the font and pulpit were carved by Robert Mawer.[61] The Leeds Intelligencer said: "The font and Reredos screen are of Caen stone, of most elaborate design (but the carving of the screen is not yet completed); these are from the chisel of that master of his art, Mr. Robert Mawer, of Leeds.[62]

Media related to Former Church of St Mary, Quarry Hill, Leeds at Wikimedia Commons

Church of St Mary the Virgin, Gomersal, 1850-1851

Porch with label stops

This building is Grade II listed.[63] It was designed by John Dobson of Leeds. The foundation stone was laid on 1 January 1850. Robert Mawer executed the pulpit, font and reredos.[64]

"The chancel arch has moulded piers and capitals, having carved on them, on the north side, emblems of the Passion, and on the south, Angels carrying musical instruments ... The pulpit, font and reredos are of Caen stone, carved by Mr Mawer of Leeds, of whose work, as it is unnecessary to speak, so it is impossible to speak too highly ...The reredos contains five compartments, within which will be emblazoned the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the Ten Commandments." (Leeds Intelligencer, 1 February 1851)[64]

At the consecration on Tuesday 25 March 1851, the Leeds Intelligencer remarked:

"The font and Reredos screen are of Caen stone, of most elaborate design (but the carving of the screen is not yet completed); these are from the chisel of that master of his art, Mr. Robert Mawer, of Leeds."[65][66]

The English Heritage listing description includes the following:

"[Exterior:] Openwork parapet and tall crocketted pinnacles on corbel brackets of figure heads and beasts. Gargoyles ... Interior: 6-bay arcade of double chamfered arches on octagonal piers. Moulded chancel arch on clustered piers with capitals of carved angels. Carved stone reredos with crocketted heads and pinnacles with crests. Carved stone font."[63]

The building was completely refurbished internally in 2003.[67]

Media related to St Mary the Virgin, Gomersal at Wikimedia Commons

St Catherine, Barmby Moor, restoration 1851−1852

St Catherine's

This is a Grade II* listed building,[68] on Main Street, Barmby Moor, East Yorkshire.[69] The original church once had a Norman or Saxon plinth, and "windows of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries". The tower, which survives, was last rebuilt at the end of the fifteenth century.[70]

The nave and chancel were entirely rebuilt, and the tower given minor repairs, in 1851−1852 by Robert Dennis Chantrell.[70] Historic England describes the font as a "C14 octagonal font on octagonal base with pyramidal stops;" that is to say, it is not Mawer's work.[68] However, at the re-opening on 15 April 1852, the Yorkshire Gazette says: "The carved work in stone is by Mawer of Leeds ... The font is not yet placed, but a rich flooring is laid for its reception, and plans have been approved for an octagon font of the decorative style."[70] The carved stone "flory cross finial",[68] on the chancel gable, is by Mawer.

Media related to St Catherine's Church, Barmby Moor at Wikimedia Commons

Church of St James, Boroughbridge, 1851−1852

Label stop in nave: portrait of Catherine

This is a Grade II listed building.[71] It was designed by architects James Mallinson (1819−1884) and Thomas Healey (1809-1862), and completed in 1852. The foundation stone was laid on Thursday 12 June 1851,[72] and the church was consecrated on Tuesday 27 July 1852.[73] This church site is significant in that it is in the area where Robert and Catherine Mawer, and William Ingle, were born. Most of the local inhabitants turned out for the foundation ceremony, which included in its procession all those contracted to work on the building, "(forty in number) carrying banners with appropriate mottoes." Afterwards, "the workmen, with the ringers and singers, sat down to a dinner of roast beef and plum pudding."[72]

Robert Mawer executed the general carving of the church, including the font,[73] and Mawer & Ingle returned in 1864 work to carve the reredos (now missing). The architectural critic C.P. Canfield deprecates the church architecture, saying:[74]

"The church interior is stark for the five-bay aisle arcades are formed of the most uniform of double-flat-chamfered arches supported on quatrefoil piers entirely without embellishments save only for head labels stops at the ends. Ascribed to Mawer and Ingle of Leeds, who were frequently patronised by Healey, they offered no scope for the firm to enhance their reputation, but if the poor little font is theirs also, as stated by the notes in the church, then surely one of their apprentices must have been delegated the work."[74]

However, at the consecration the Yorkshire Gazette said: "The handsome new font of Caen stone does credit to Mr Mawer of Leeds, by whom the corbels and interior carving were executed."[73] On the same occasion, the Leeds Intelligencer said: "There is a handsome [carved wooden] eagle, or lectern, which, with the [stone] font and carved work generally, has been executed by Mr Mawer, of Leeds, whose well-earned reputation it is calculated to enhance."[75] Regarding the 1884 reredos, the Yorkshire Gazette said:

"The reredos recently erected in this church is chiefly of Caen stone, marble being used to a small extent in the shafts. The style is that of the church, Decorated Gothic. Each wing of the reredos, to the right and left of the altar table, is divided into three compartments by shafts of serpentine marble, in which the green veins predominate. The shafts have carved stone capitals, which support well-moulded arches, each supported with foliage. The spandrels of these arches are filled with bands of rosettes in low relief. The central portion of the reredos, immediately behind the altar table, is projected and divided into three compartments. The shafts, instead of springing from the floor, as do those on each side, stand on bases level with the table. They are of serpentine marble, and support arches more elaborately carved than the side arches. In the centre compartment is sculptured "The Lamb," bearing over its shoulder a banner and cross. The two remaining compartments contain panels, having the monograms "I.H.C." and "X.P.C.," signifying the sacred name, Jesus Christ. The grounds of these compartments are richly covered. The cornice of the reredos is ornamented with carved ears of corn, grapes, leaves &c. This exquisite piece of work has been most creditably and satisfactorily executed by Messrs. Mawer & Ingle, carvers, from designs of Messrs. T.H. and F. Healey, architects, Bradford. The roof of the chancel has also been painted a beautiful sky blue, and freely ornamented with stars."(Yorkshire Gazette and Leeds Intelligencer)[76][77]

In 1954 the vicar obtained a faculty to destroy the reredos, and to remove the painted writing over the arches and along the south aisle wall, although that writing may still exist under the present paint.[78] Medieval carvings from the earlier church were installed in the vestry wall in 1852.[73][75] A chair from the old church is also in the vestry, and a chair and table from the earlier church are in the nave.[79] The 1861 west window made by Hughes of London and dedicated to Canon Robert Deaville Owen (1823−1904), features the Apostles James, Paul and Peter.[80][81][82]

Media related to St. James' Church, Boroughbridge at Wikimedia Commons

St George's Hall, Bradford, 1849-1853

Head by Robert Mawer on St George's Hall

This is a Grade II* listed building, designed by Henry Francis Lockwood and William Mawson.[83] Ground was broken in 1851,[84] and the hall was opened on Wednesday 31 August 1853. The Bradford Observer described the carving thus:[85]

"The centres of the arches over the doorways are enriched with masks executed by Yorkshire artists ... The upper parts of the intercolumniations are occupied with circular shields in stone bordered with wreaths of oak leaves. The south side elevation [has] elaborately carved festoons of fruit and flowers. ... the carved stone work [is] by Mr Mawer stone mason ... of Leeds"(Bradford Observer 1 September 1853)[85]

The London Daily News and York Herald mention "festoons of flowers beautifully carved."[86][87] in 1851, Mawer's fee was estimated at £270.[84] The hall cost about £25,000, and opened with a three-day music festival, which overwhelmed the town's accommodation and transport with large numbers of nobility and other visitors.[88]

Media related to St George's Hall, Bradford at Wikimedia Commons

Former St Andrew, Listerhills Road, North Horton, 1853

Fire-damaged head on former St Andrews School

The spire of St Andrew's church was a landmark, sited in Listerhills Road, North Horton, Bradford. It was designed by Mallinson & Healey, consecrated by the Bishop of Ripon on Wednesday 28 September 1853,[89][90] and demolished in 1971.[91] At the consecration, the Bradford Observer reported: "The pulpit and font are of stone, elaborately carved by Mr Mawer of Leeds."[92] The Leeds Intelligencer said: "The porch has an arch with hanging tracery, resting on clustered shafts with carved capitals ... Externally, all the gables have copings and [carved stone] crosses."[89]

St Andrew's was next door to the site of St Andrews School, built in 1857−1858. The school was also designed by Mallinson & Healey, and like the church it had Mawer carvings on the porch. The former school was destroyed by fire on 26 December 2009, and as of 2016 was in ruins at the corner of Listerhills Road and St Andrews Place, Bradford BD7.[93] The school was until demolition a Grade II listed building.[94][95] In April 2017, the Keighley News reported that the school building had been demolished.[96]

Media related to Former Church of st Andrew, Listerhills Road, Bradford at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to Former St Andrews School, Listerhills Road at Wikimedia Commons

St Mark, Woodhouse, Leeds, 1853 and 1856

St Mark, Woodhouse

This is a Grade II listed building,[97] in Woodhouse, Leeds, West Yorkshire. It was designed by architects Peter Atkinson and Richard Hey Sharp in 1823,[98] consecrated on 13 January 1826,[99] and closed in 2001.[100] It was bought by Gateway Church in 2008, and reopened on 5 June 2014. Prior to and during the refurbishment many of the contents were removed including the pulpit, organ and most of the pews. The font is in storage within the building.[101][102] Robert Mawer carved the font in 1853.[103] The Leeds Intelligencer described the font thus:[103]

"A very elaborately carved font of Caen stone has been erected ... It is of an octagonal shape, of the perpendicular style of architecture, so as to correspond with the church, designed by Cuthbert Brodrick, Esq., the architect of the New Town Hall, and executed by Mr Mawer of Oxford Place. On four alternate sides are the several emblems of the Four Evangelists, viz., the figure of an angel with a flying scroll - a lion, with wings - an ox, with wings - and a flying eagle, in allusion to the passage in the 1st of Ezekiel. The four intervening sides have the figure of a lamb carrying the cross with a scroll - the pelican feeding her young from her own breast - the cross, around which is the crown of thorns - and the monogram I.H.S. At the several corners are the figures of angels with blank shields. All the figures are deeply engraven, and the whole does great credit both to the designer and executor. Around the top is the name of the donor, in Old English characters upon a wreath of leaves, as follows: This font is humbly offered to the glory of God, by Charles Gascoyne Maclea - 1853 (Leeds Intelligencer 5 November 1853)[103][104]

Media related to St Mark, Woodhouse at Wikimedia Commons

Old Church of St John the Evangelist, New Wortley, Leeds, 1853

Old St John, Wortley, on the left, now demolished (new church on the right)

The old church of St John the Evangelist, New Wortley, Leeds, was designed with tower and spire by John Dobson of Leeds and consecrated in 1853. The building accommodated 650, and had a west window and transept windows of four lights each, plus an east window of five lights. All carving was credited to "Messrs Mawer & Whiteley of Leeds," although Whiteley was a stonemason.[105] The United Kingdom Census 1851 records Thomas Whiteley, born in Birstall ca.1823, a stonemason employing eight stonemasons, living at 9 Bussey's Court, Woodhouse, Leeds, with his mother in law.[106] A "handsome" reredos was added by Mawer & Ingle to John Dobson and Charles Chorley's design in 1865.[107]

The old church was replaced with a new one built close by in 1898.[108]

Media related to St John Wortley, archive images at Wikimedia Commons

Church of St Matthias, Burley, Leeds, 1853−1854

St Matthias, Burley

This is a Grade II* listed building, designed by Perkin and Backhouse of Leeds.[109] The foundation stone was laid in February 1853, and the building was consecrated on Friday 10 November 1854.[110]

The arches of the nave have carved bosses. They and the inscribed stone or tablet in the tower were carved by Mawer. The tablet says: "Saint Matthias Church, Burley. This church, built by subscription, was consecrated on the 10th day of November, 1854, an endowment of £150 per annum having been provided out of the bequest of the late Mrs. Jane Matthewman, formerly of Leeds, who died at Harrogate the first day of June 1848."[110]

The Leeds Intelligencer reported in 1854 thus:[110]

"The font is placed in the centre of a wide aisle at the entrance to the church, and is raised on two steps. It is elaborately carved. Its plan is octagonal, and each side has a well-relieved and moulded arched canopy, with sunk emblazoned panel, on which are written the following appropriate text: "One Lord," "One Faith," "One Baptism," "One God and Father of all." Around the bowl is the "Lily," and the canopies terminate with "Doves" and enriched bosses alternately. The stem is panelled and diapered, and each panel finishes with crochets. It is the gift of Charles Gascoigne Maclea Esq. ... The font, tablet, and all the carved work are of Caen stone, and have been executed by Mr Robert Mawer of this town.(Leeds Intelligencer, 11 November 1854)"[110]

The building was altered and enlarged in 1886 to increase seating capacity from 450 to 650.[109] As of 2017 the interior of the church had been recently reordered, with 19th century pews removed.[111]

Media related to St. Matthias' Church, Burley, Leeds at Wikimedia Commons

Former St Stephen's, Burmantofts, 1853–1854

Former St Stephen's Burmantofts

This former church building in Accommodation Road and Nippet Lane, Burmantofts, was designed for a congregation of 605 by John Dobson "in the geometrical decorated style of Gothic architecture." It cost about £3,000. The first incumbent was Reverend Frederick Thomas Rowell M.A. (d.1865) Although the parish district was constituted in 1851, local contributors and bazaars took time to raise funds, so that the foundation stone was not laid until 20 October 1853. It was consecrated on Thursday 9 November 1854 by the Bishop of Ripon. Dr Hook attended the consecration service. The whole church measured 121 x 43 feet. It had a "large wheel window in the west gable, about 15ft diameter," a "lofty, open timber roof," and a "large, five-light, east window." It had an octagonal turret 82 feet high, which contained the stairs to the gallery and two bells.[112][113] Mawer & Whiteley were the masons credited among the contractors.[112] The building was closed in April and demolished in June 1939.[114][115][116][117] After demolition, one of St Stephen's windows became the four-light west window of St Agnes, Burmantofts.[118] The carved oak WWI war memorial now in St Agnes Church, Burmantofts, was once the reredos in St Stephen.[119][120]

Media related to Former St Stephen's Church, Burmantofts at Wikimedia Commons

Moorlands House, 48 Albion Street, Leeds, 1852-1855

Sculpture on Moorlands House

This is a Grade II listed building at 48 Altion Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire, occupied by Starbucks since 2016.[121] It was designed in Venetian palazzo style by William Bruce Gingell,[122] for the Leeds and Yorkshire Assurance Company. It was built and carved in millstone grit from three different sources.[121] Work began in 1852, and it was opened in 1855.[123]

Robert Mawer carved most of the masks and the flower swags; they are similar to his work on Leeds Town Hall and St George's Hall, Bradford. However he died on 10 November 1854,[2] before the building was completed. The goat's head, the sheep's head, and the delicately undercut leaves above the entrance door are in William Ingle's style, which ceased to be produced when he died in 1870.[124] The portrait of Robert Mawer as a playing card joker is in Catherine Mawer's observant style. At the opening in 1855, the Leeds Intelligencer reported:[123]

"... the rich but tasteful character of its decorative work ... The carved stone decoration on the exterior of the building, so universally admired, was almost the last work of the late Mr. Robert Mawer, a man whose taste and judgement (for much of it was his own design) were such that his place in Leeds cannot readily be supplied." (Leeds Intelligencer 17 March 1855)[123]

Media related to Moorlands House, Albion Street, Leeds at Wikimedia Commons

St Cuthbert, Ackworth, 1855

St Cuthbert's before 1914

This is a Grade II listed building in Ackworth, West Yorkshire.[125][126] St Cuthbert's was a 15th-century church, of which the nave was reordered in 1852,[127] and the old tower remains. It was restored by John West Hugall between 1852 and 1854. The east window of 1855, and possibly all the others which are of the same date, is by William Wailes.[125][128][129]

In 1855, the Leeds Intelligencer said:[128]

"The church has recently been re-opened after a most careful, and solid restoration. The carving of the capitals, and of the angels in the chancel and chancel aisle, the exquisite workmanship of the late lamented Mr Mawer, afforded much gratification."(Leeds Intelligencer 1 September 1855)[128]

• Media related to Saint Cuthbert Church (Ackworth, West Yorkshire) at Wikimedia Commons

Reredos at Bradford Parish Church, 1854−1855

St Peter on former reredos, Bradford Parish Church

This is St Peter's parish church, or Bradford Cathedral, on Stott Hill, Bradford, West Yorkshire.[130] It is a Grade I listed building.[131] The Victorian reredos was executed by Robert Mawer before he died in 1854, and consecrated in 1855. In August of that year, the Bradford Observer reported: "There has been added a reredos of Caen stone which is most beautifully carved, being the workmanship of Mr. Mawer of Leeds."[132] The east end of the building was rebuilt by architect Sir Edward Maufe in the 1950s,[133] and the reredos is no longer in the building. It may possibly survive elsewhere.

The church was further re-ordered in 1861,[134] and partially rebuilt with transepts, re-roofed and re-ordered in 1899.The mosaics in the reredos were added at this time.[135]

• Media related to Bradford Cathedral at Wikimedia Commons

See also

• Catherine Mawer
• Charles Mawer
• Benjamin Payler
• Matthew Taylor (sculptor)
• Benjamin Burstall
• Mawer and Ingle
• William Ingle

References

1. "Yorkshire Baptisms. Middlesmoor". Retrieved 28 April 2019.
2. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 25 October 2016. Deaths Dec 1854 Mawer Robert Leeds vol9b p233. The certificate describes him as a stone carver.
3. This was a small area between Holborn Terrace and Shay Street, in part of the area now known as Woodhouse Carr, Leeds. It was just north-east of St Mark's Church, in whose churchyard the Mawer Memorial now stands. See old OS map: National Library of Scotland: Yorkshire CCIII.13 (Leeds) surveyed 1888-1890
4. United Kingdom census, 1841 HO 107/1348/6 schedule 49, p.16. The surname is incorrectly transcribed as "Bower" in most indexes
5. United Kingdom census, 1851: HO107/2321/124 p22: Oxford Place, Leeds
6. See list of works below
7. Robert Mawer does not appear in Leeds trade directories between 1830 and 1847
8. Slaters Royal National Commercial Directory 1848 part II p1200: Mawer Robert, stone mason 5 Oxford Place
9. Charlton & Archdeacon Leeds Directory 1849 p285: "Mawer Robert stone mason, 6 Oxford Place; also in their 1849–1850 edition
10. Leeds Borough Directory 1851 p318: Robert Mower, stone mason & carver, 6 Oxford Place
11. Leeds Times 28 May 1842 p.3: Partnerships dissolved. Yorkshire Gazette 28 May 1842 p.3: Partnerships dissolved. H. Collitt could be a misprint of Luke Collitt, stone mason, who appears in the 1842 White's Directory of Leeds & the Clothing District.
12. Bell's New Weekly Messenger, Sunday 29 May 1842, p.3 col.5: Partnerships dissolved
13. Leeds Times, Saturday 18 November 1854 p5: The late Mr Mawer", and p.8: "Deaths"
14. Hinson, Andrew HUTC (8 July 2019). "Blue plaques to honour Leeds architectural sculptors who left their mark on some of city's most iconic buildings". Yorkshire Evening Post. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
15. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 18 November 1854 p.8, col.6: Deaths
16. See image of memorial: File:Robert and Catherine Mawer gravestone 001.jpg
17. Bradford Observer, Thursday 28 September 1848 p6: "Memorial of St Paul' Church, Manningham"
18. Historic England: Parish church of St Peter, 1375046
19. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 04 September 1841 p8: "Consecration of the new Parish Church of Leeds"
20. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 02 October 1841 p8: "Church consecration"
21. Morning Post, Saturday 11 September 1841 p2: Consecration of the new Parish Church of Leeds"
22. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 24 February 1849 p5: "Memorial of the late Christopher Beckett Esq."
23. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 24 January 1857 p8: "Ancient crosses discovered in Leeds and its neighbourhood"
24. Leeds Mercury, Saturday 24 January 1857 p6: "Ancient crosses discovered in Leeds and its neighbourhood"
25. Yorkshire Indexers: The Leeds Cross
26. Historic England: Church of the Holy Trinity 1314183
27. Church of England: Queensbury: Holy Trinity, Queensbury
28. Bradford Observer, Thursday 20 April 1843 p.5, col.3: Queen's Head
29. Leeds Mercury, Saturday 22 April 1843 p.7, col.3: "New church at Queen's Head"
30. Bradford Observer, Thursday 04 September 1845 p.6, col.1: "Consecration of Queen's Head Church
31. This is one of a group in the nave, which may have been inspired by one in similar style, created in 1520 above the outer west door of Bolton Abbey
32. Historic England: Church of St Paul and St Jude, 1133216
33. Bradford Observer, Thursday 05 November 1846 p8: "New church at Manningham. Laying the foundation stone"
34. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 07 November 1846 p7: "Laying the foundation stone"
35. Bradford Observer, Thursday 05 October 1848 p6: "Consecration of St Paul's Church, Manningham"
36. St Paul's Church, Manningham, Bradford: History of St Paul's Church
37. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 07 October 1848 p3: "Consecration of St Paul's Church, Manningham"
38. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 30 December 1848 p5: Opening of the new Mill-Hill Unitarian Chapel, Leeds"
39. Historic England:@ Mill Hill Chapel, listed Grade II*. No.1375430
40. Preston Chronicle, Saturday 30 December 1848 p3: "New Unitarian Chapel at Leeds" "Mawer" mis-spelled as "Macor".
41. Leodis: Meanwoodside pillar
42. Leodis
43. Historic England: Church of St Matthew, 1314329
44. Bradford Observer, Thursday 13 December 1849 p6: "The Church of St Matthew Bankfoot in the parish of Bradford Yorkshire" (from a correspondent)
45. Morning Post, Tuesday 18 December 1849 p2: "Consecration of the Church of St Matthew Bank, in the parish Bradford"
46. See The Ecclesiologist 1850 pt 2, pp.290-293 Download code 1850NS8OS11. Full architectural description of St Michael Shelf and St Matthew Bankfoot
47. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 15 December 1849 p8 col.3: "Consecration of the Church of st Matthew Bank in the parish of Bradford"
48. Morning Post, Monday 24 June 1850 p2 col1: "Consecration of the Church of st Michael and All Angels"
49. Luke 15:7
50. Ephesians 4:5
51. Shelf with Buttershaw: About
52. Yorkshire Evening Post 7 October 2010: "The Seven Lost Wonders of Leeds" by Neil Hudson
53. Leeds Intelligencer, Thursday 30 January 1823 p3 col4: "New churches in Leeds"
54. National Archives: Leeds St Mary the Virgin (Quarry Hill) parish records
55. Leeds Mercury, Saturday 14 October 1826 p2: "Leeds Saturday October 14"
56. Leeds Intelligencer, Thursday 19 October 1826 p2: "Consecration of st Mary's Church, Quarry-hill"
57. Leodis: "St. Mary's Church, East End, from the direction of St. Mary's Lane"
58. Leodis: St Mary's Church 2003107 61697024
59. Leodis: St Mary's Church 2003107_39225405
60. Yorkshire Venues: Ripon & Leeds Diocesan Office
61. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 21 September 1850 p5: "Re-opening of St Mary's Church, Quarry Hill, Leeds"
62. Leeds Intelligencer, 5 April 1851, p.8, col.3: Consecration of the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Gomersal
63. Historic England: Church of St Mary 1184613
64. Leeds Intelligencer - Saturday 01 February 1851 p8 col4: "Church of St Mary the Virgin, Little Gomersal, near Leeds"
65. Leeds Intelligencer West Yorkshire, England 5 Apr 1851, p8: "Consecration of the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Gomersal"
66. Morning Post, Monday 07 April 1851 p3 col.6: "Consecration of the Church of St Mary the Virgin Gomersal"
67. St Mary Gomersal:About St Mary's
68. Historic England: Church of St Catherine 1083879
69. The Church of England: St Catherine, Barmby Moor
70. Yorkshire Gazette, Saturday 17 April 1852 p7 col.2: "The re-opening of St Catherine's Church, Barmby Moor"
71. Historic England: Church of St James 1150092
72. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 21 June 1851 p.8 col.4: "New church at Boroughbridge"
73. Yorkshire Gazette, Saturday 31 July 1852 p6 col.1: "Consecration of the new church at Boroughbridge"
74. English Church Architecture: Boroughbridge St James
75. Leeds Intelligencer - Saturday 31 July 1852 p6: "Consecration of the new church and burial ground of St James, Boroughbridge"
76. Yorkshire Gazette, Saturday 26 November 1864 p9 col.1: "Boroughbridge"
77. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 26 November 1864 p7 col.6: "Boroughbridge, St James Church"
78. North Yorkshire County Record Office: Boroughbridge parish church registers 1670-1973, PR/BBG (MIC 1878, 1910, 3771)
79. The chair and table are labelled as such in the nave
80. Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, Thursday 24 November 1904 p4 col.3: "The Bishop's address"
81. Sheffield Daily Telegraph, Monday 24 October 1904 p9 col.3: The Times obituary
82. Yorkshire Gazette, Saturday 27 July 1861 p5 col.3: Local news, Boroughbridge
83. Historic England 1338589: St George's Hall
84. Bradford Observer, Thursday 07 August 1851 p4 col4: The music hall
85. Bradford Observer, Thursday 01 September 1853 p6: "Opening of st George's Hall. Description of the hall"
86. London Daily News, Monday 29 August 1853 p2 col.6: "St George's Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire"
87. York Herald, Saturday 03 September 1853 p3: "Opening of St George's Hall at Bradford"
88. Huddersfield Chronicle, Saturday 03 September 1853 p8 col.4: "Opening of St George's Hall, Bradford. Grand musical festival"
89. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 01 October 1853 p6 col.3: "St Andrews's Church, Horton"
90. The National Archives hold records of this church here and here
91. Historic England 1272557: Former St Andrew's School, including schoolmaster's house and boundary walls, History
92. Bradford Observer, Thursday 29 September 1853 p5: "Consecration of t Andrew's Church"
93. RAF aerial photo of St Andrew Listerhills Rd Bradford, 1951
94. Historic England: Former St Andrew's School, including schoolmaster's house and boundary walls. List entry no.1272557
95. Telegraph & Argus: But owners say repairing fire-hit former St Andrew's School in Listerhills Road would have cost £1.5m
96. Keighley News 28 April 2017: "Bulldozers move in to remove another piece of Bradford history" by Vivien Mason
97. Historic England 1256144: Church of St Mark
98. Leeds Mercury, Saturday 26 April 1823 p.3 col.4: St Mark's Church, Woodhouse
99. Leeds Intelligencer, Thursday 19 January 1826 p.4 col.2: Consecration of St Mark's Church, Woodhouse
100. Leeds Daily Photo: St Marks Woodhouse interior after closure, 2001
101. Yorkshire Evening Post, 31 May 2014: "Leeds Nostalgia: St Mark’s Church, Woodhouse set for grand unveiling"
102. Gateway Leeds: our story
103. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 05 November 1853 p5 col.2: "St Marks Church, Woodhouse"
104. Leeds Times, Saturday 05 November 1853 p5 col.2: "St Mark's Church, Woodhouse"
105. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 19 November 1853 p8: "Consecration of St John's Church, New Wortley"
106. United Kingdom Census 1851: HO107/2321/379/p4
107. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 25 November 1865 p.5, col.4: New Wortley Church
108. Wortley and Farnley: About us
109. Historic England 1256114: Church of St Matthias
110. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 11 November 1854 p8 col.5: Consecration of Burley Church, near Leeds"
111. Matthias Church: Church
112. "Consecration of St Stephen's Church, Leeds". Leeds Intelligencer. 11 November 1854. p. 8 col4. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
113. "St Stephen's Burmantofts". Leeds Indexers. 2003. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
114. "Another Leeds church to go". Yorkshire Evening Post. 19 April 1939. p. 13 col1. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
115. "St Stephen's Church, Nippet Lane". Leodis. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
116. "Nippet Lane". Leodis. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
117. "Our lovely old church". Yorkshire Evening Post. 8 October 2005. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
118. Historic England. "Church of St Agnes (1255970)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
119. "History and architecture of St Agnes' Church". St Agnes' United Church Leeds. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
120. "War memorials register: St Stephen's Church". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
121. Historic England 1256606: Moorlands House
122. Leodis: Albion Street, Moorlands House
123. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 17 March 1855 p5: "The Leeds and Yorkshire Assurance Company"
124. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 23 October 2016. Deaths Mar 1870 Ingle William 41 Leeds vol9b p359. The certificate says: 26 March 1870, 73 Portland Crescent, William Ingle, male, 41 years, Phthisis 2 years, certified, Ann Agar of 27 St James St Leeds present at the death.
125. British listed buildings: St Cuthbert, Ackworth
126. The Church of England: St Cuthbert, Ackworth
127. "Local history". St Cuthbert's and All Saints' Churches at Ackworth. Church of England. Retrieved 29 June 2019. Some previous historical records state that the 1852 rebuilding was necessary due to a serious fire destroying the church. This is not the case as no fire occurred in 1852. It was in fact a planned reordering which commenced in 1850.
128. Leeds Intelligencer, Saturday 01 September 1855 p7 col3: "Second day's proceedings"
129. Pevsner, N., and Radcliffe, E., Yorkshire: The West Riding, p70: "Ackworth, St Cuthbert"
130. Church of England: Bradford Cathedral, Bradford
131. Historic England: Cathedral Church of St Peter 1133250
132. Bradford Observer, Thursday 23 August 1855 p5 col.6: "The Parish Church"
133. Bradford Cathedral: History
134. Bradford Observer, Thursday 10 January 1861 p.5 col.3: Bradford Parish Church restoration
135. Leeds Mercury, Saturday 15 April 1899 p.15 col.2: Bradford Church Restoration

External links