Robert Todd (pioneer)

Brigadier General Robert Todd (c. 1757-March 1814) was an 18th-century American pioneer, politician and soldier. As an officer in the Continental Army under General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, he took part in the Indian Wars and the western campaign during the American Revolutionary War.

Robert Todd
Born	c. 1757 Pennsylvania Colony
Died	March 1814 Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Nationality	American
Occupation	Politician
Known for	Early pioneer and statesman of Kentucky; co-founder of Lexington, Kentucky
Spouse(s)	Nancy Ann Todd
Children	Levi John Mary Eliza Thomas
Relatives	John Todd (brother) Levi Todd (brother) Robert Smith Todd (nephew) Mary Todd Lincoln (great-niece)

Together with his brothers John Todd and General Levi Todd, he was involved in the early economic and political development of Kentucky prior to its admission into the United States in 1792.[1]

Biography

Born in Pennsylvania as the second son of David Todd and Hannah Owen, he lived with relatives in Virginia as a child and attended the school of his uncle Parson John Todd. He studied law, reportedly in the office of General Andrew Lewis, before moving to Kentucky in the spring of 1776.[2]

He was one of the founders of Lexington, Kentucky and soon became involved in local politics and public affairs in the Fayette County area. On December 29, he was seriously wounded defending McClelland's Station against the Mingo chieftain Pluggy. He continued to be involved in defending the Kentucky frontier participated in expeditions with General Charles Scott. After the death of his brother John at the Battle of Blue Licks, Robert Todd was elected to succeed his brother as trustee of Lexington on December 12, 1782. He was also assigned by the council to survey the town.[3]

His reputation as an experienced and formidable Indian fighter led him to join General Anthony Wayne who he served as a captain during the Illinois campaign. In 1787, acting on information by local Shawanese, he launched a preemptive strike against a Cherokee raiding party at Paint Lick killing three warriors and taking seven others prisoner. These men would escape the following day, however.[4]

In his later years, Todd became a distinguished statesman in Kentucky serving as a delegate for Kentucky County to the Virginia legislature and at least one of the conventions to draft a state constitution. He was also one of the commissioners selected to divide the land in Clark's Grant among the veterans of the Battle of Kaskaskia and Vincennes and later one of the original trustees of Clarksville, Virginia.

In 1792, following Kentucky's admission into the United States, Todd represented Fayette County in the first Kentucky Senate, and served as a circuit judge for a number of years.[5] He was again selected as one of three commissioners to choose a location of the new state capital. When the vote was tied between Frankfort and Lexington, he chose in favor of Frankfort as opposed to his hometown. As he possessed roughly 1,000 acres (4.0 km²) near the settlement, he did not want his vote "to be governed by selfish considerations".

By the time of the Northwest Indian War, he was part of a contingent of mounted volunteers from Lexington and Fayette County which included General James Wilkinson and Thomas Lewis. In June 1792, he was appointed a brigadier general under Wayne and participated in the Battle of Fallen Timbers commanding the 3rd Kentucky Mounted Volunteers. He kept a personal diary of his experiences in the Indian campaigns, however, it remains unpublished. He died sometime in March 1814[6] at the home of his son, Dr. John Todd, in Lexington.

Of his six children, his youngest son Thomas J. Todd was a member of the Indiana General Assembly representing Marion County in the Senate from 1843 to 1846. His daughter Eliza was the wife of General William O. Butler.

References

1. Harrison, Lowell Hayes. Lincoln of Kentucky. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2000. (pg. 65) ISBN 0-8131-2156-6
2. Green, Thomas Marshall. Historic Families of Kentucky. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1889. (pg. 211-212)
3. Hayden, Robert. William Haydon, Kentucky Adventurer, 1740-1819. Little Rock: R. Haydon, 2000. (pg. 216) ISBN 0-9666756-2-2
4. Ranck, George W. History of Lexington, Kentucky: Its Early Annals and Recent Progress. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1872. (pg. 123)
5. Ranck, George W. History of Lexington, Kentucky: Its Early Annals and Recent Progress. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1872. (pg. 101)
6. Staff (March 28, 1814). "At the home of his son, Dr. John Todd". Kentucky Gazette. Smith & Bickley. p. 3. Retrieved August 26, 2020.

Further reading

• Helm, Emily Todd. The Todd Family. 1905.
• Warren, Louis Austin. The Lincoln Kinsman. Fort Wayne, Indiana: Lincolniana Publishers, 1942.