Roy Agnew

Roy Ewing "Robert" Agnew (23 August 1891 – 12 November 1944) was an Australian composer and pianist. He has been called the most outstanding Australian composer of the early twentieth century.[1]

Early life and education

Agnew was born in Sydney on 23 August 1891, the son of Samuel Agnew, a cordial manufacturer, and his wife Maria Jane, née Miller. Agnew taught himself piano at an early age. He attended Chatswood and Hornsby public schools, and received his first formal music training from Emanuel de Beaupuis, an Italian pianist then residing in Sydney. He received some further teaching from Daisy Miller and Sydney Moss, and later also briefly studied composition under Alfred Hill at the NSW Conservatorium of Music. He began working as a piano teacher in Marrickville in 1911.

By this time, Agnew was already writing "strikingly original works" which abandoned "the limitations of key and tonal relationship".[2] The first piece of his music to be published was Australian Forest Pieces for Piano in 1913; however, his music did not receive much public attention until the internationally renowned pianist Benno Moiseiwitsch gave a recital of his works Deirdre's Lament and Dance of the Wild Men at a Sydney Town Hall matinee. Partly through the generosity of friends and supporters, Agnew was then able to travel to London in 1923 to study composition and orchestration with Gerard Williams and Cyril Scott at the Royal College of Music.

Career

While in London, Agnew gave recitals of works by contemporary composers such as Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky, while his own Fantasie Sonata was premiered in London in 1927 by William Murdoch. Augener Ltd. of London began to publish his pieces, and in the United States he also found a publisher in Arthur P. Schmidt of New York.

In 1928 Agnew returned to Sydney, where he gave a number of recitals of his own music, and his "poem for orchestra and voice", The Breaking of the Drought, was performed with Alfred Hill conducting. In 1931 he left again for Britain, where he gave performances of his own works at the Lyceum, at the George Woodhouse Studio in London, and in Glasgow. He also gave a number of performances for the BBC.

After remaining in Britain for three years, Agnew returned home again in December 1934 for a tour sponsored by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC), and in September of that year, he advertised a series of private lessons in "Practical Composition" and in "General Interpretation and the art of Pedalling" in Melbourne. In May of the following year he gave two radio recitals of his works. A number of his works were also performed and orchestrated in Australia by other musicians at this time.

In January 1938, Agnew was engaged by the ABC to compere a weekly program on contemporary music, dubbed the "Modern and Contemporary Composers' Session". Agnew featured composers such as Webern, Berg, Busoni, Szymanowski, Debussy, Stravinsky and Scriabin, and sometimes performed the pieces himself. The program became so popular it ran for five years. It was no doubt strongly influenced by the example of Edward Clark, whose broadcasts Agnew had heard in Britain. Clark was a student of Arnold Schoenberg, closely connected to all the members of the Second Viennese School, and went on to become a ground-breaking BBC producer and broadcaster, and to conduct some important British and world premieres.[3]

Agnew also compered a second program "Music Through the Ages: The Piano and its Composers" featuring mostly classical composers such as Giles Farnaby, Domenico Scarlatti, Mozart and Chopin, which Agnew played himself.

In 1939 he won first prize for his Sonata Ballade from the Musical Association of New South Wales, which he later recorded for Columbia. In 1943, he recorded fifty of his own compositions for the ABC. While these recordings remain a valuable record of his own playing, they are somewhat marred by the fact that the limited technology of the period forced him to hurry over some passages to fit them onto tape.[4]

In 1944, Agnew's last major work, the Sonata Legend (Capricornia) was publicly performed for the first time by Alexander Sverjensky at the Sydney Conservatorium. In February of that year, Agnew accepted a position at the Conservatorium.

He developed a warm relationship with the piano teacher Winifred Burston, who introduced his works to her students such as Larry Sitsky and Richard Meale.

Personal life

Agnew married Kathleen Olive, youngest daughter of the late judge and former senator Richard O'Connor, at St Mary's Cathedral on 8 November 1930. The marriage resulted in no children. He has been described as a quiet, gentle and unassuming man, for whom life outside his music, his home and his garden "was not very concrete or real".[2] He also enjoyed surfing and walking.

He died unexpectedly on 12 November 1944 from septicaemia following a bout of tonsilitis. His estate upon his death was valued at a modest £547.

Music

Agnew, one of the few Australian composers of his generation to achieve international recognition,[5] has been described as "the most outstanding of the early twentieth century Australian composers".[1] The "archetypal pianist-composer",[4] the overwhelming body of his work was written for solo piano, with only occasional ventures into orchestral or other forms.

All critics have noted the influence of Scriabin on Agnew's music, while others have variously detected affinities with John Ireland, Ravel, Debussy, Liszt, Busoni, Cyril Scott, Frank Bridge and Arnold Bax.[4][5] The English critic Sir Neville Cardus notes that regardless of his influences however, Agnew "made everything second nature to his essentially lyrical imagination". Cardus also observes that he had a "sure feeling" for atmospherics, especially in his smaller works.[2]

Agnew's most important works are generally considered to be his six piano sonatas (it appears that Agnew actually wrote eight, but two early examples have been lost). The overall style of these has been described as "highly pianistic, full of fantasy and colour, and technically demanding", while incorporating "a forward-looking harmonic vocabulary".[5] Larry Sitsky has noted that Agnew's four later sonatas (excluding the more recently discovered Sonata 1929) have an unusual progression: the first has four central musical themes, the second three, the third two, and the last, the Sonata Legend, is monothematic. Each has its particular appeal and challenges, but Sitsky suggests that in addition to this progression "toward an economy of themes and expression", Agnew's work also grew more conservative as he grew older. Sitsky feels this may have been due to the unconscious influence of the conservatism of the Australian musical establishment of the era.[4] In addition to the sonatas, Sitsky also names the "preludes and poems" as "important additions to the Australian repertoire" which "make fine impressions in concert programmes".[4]

While other early twentieth century Australian composers were "discovered" and rehabilitated in the 1970s and after by a new generation of Australian critics, Agnew's relatively early death in 1944 made him the "forgotten figure"[4] of the period. Only in the 1990s did his music begin to attract attention once again. His contribution is now widely acknowledged, and the Australian music publishers Keys Press has published a complete edition of his works.[5]

Selected works

Orchestral

The Breaking of the Drought, 1928

Sonatas

Symphonic Poéme[6]
Fantasie Sonata (1927)
Sonata 1929 (1929)[6]
Sonata Poeme (1936)
Sonata Ballade (1939)
Sonata Legend (Capricornia) (1940)

Other

Australian Forest Pieces (1913)
Dance of the Wild Men (1919)
Deirdre's Lament (1922)
Poème Tragique (1922)
4 Preludes (1925) – Also some duets, and over 60 other solo pieces
Rhapsody (1928)
Rabbit Hill (1928)
Youthful Fancies (1936)
Holiday Suite (1937)

Songs

Beloved stoop down thro' the clinging dark (Z. Cross Smith) (1913)
O moonlight deep and tender (Lowell) (1913)
Dirge (1924)
Dusk (R. Williams) (1926)
Infant Joy (W. Blake) (1926)
Two Songs without Words (for violin and clarinet, 1928)
Beauty (J. Masefield) (1935)
The flowers of sleep (V. Daley) (1935)[5]

Recordings

References
  1. Hinson p. 6.
  2. Australian Dictionary of Biography Online.
  3. Kate Bowan, Some Early 20th-Century Australian Music in Context, University of Bristol, CHOMBEC News, Winter 2007
  4. Sitsky and Martin.
  5. Grove Online.
  6. Sonata 1929 and Symphonic Poème were unnamed by Agnew. They were discovered in Agnew's papers after his death by Larry Sitsky who has tentatively suggested these names. See Sitsky and Martin.

Bibliography
  • Roy Agnew, Australian Music Centre website.
  • Roy E. Agnew, Music Australia website.
  • Agnew, Roy Ewing (Robert), Australian Dictionary of Biography Online.
  • Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians Online (subscription required).
  • Sitsky, Larry & Martin, Ruth Lee (2005): Australian Piano Music of the Twentieth Century, Greenwood Publishing Group, pp. 20–30, ISBN 0-313-32286-4. Extract.
  • Hinson, Morris (2000): Guide to the Pianist's Repertoire, Indiana University Press, p. 6, ISBN 0-253-33646-5. Extract.
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