Russian School Defense Staff

Russian School Defense Staff or Headquarters for the Protection of Russian Schools (Russian: Штаб защиты русских школ; Latvian: Krievu skolu aizstāvības štābs) is a movement in Latvia for the protection of public secondary education in Russian. Its leaders are Vladimir Buzayev, Gennady Kotov, Yury Petropavlovsky, Miroslav Mitrofanov, Mihail Tyasin, Viktor Dergunov, Vladislav Rafalsky, and for some time also Alexander Kazakov (deported out of Latvia in 2004). One of its most prominent spokesmen is Yakov Pliner.[1]

Aims of the movement

Cancelling the Education law provisions, which originally ordered the language of instruction in public secondary schools (Forms 10-12) to be only Latvian (later, at least 60% Latvian) since 2004. It also supports providing effective learning of Latvian language in the Latvian language and literature lessons and specific preparation of teachers for Russian schools.[2]

History

The staff was founded[3] in April 2003 as a coalition of various organizations, most prominent being ForHRUL, and later expanded, involving nonpartisan people. In 2003–2004, the Staff has organized political demonstrations (according to the Freedom House and political scientist T. Boguševiča, the biggest ones in Latvia since the beginning of the 1990s) to protest to expanding use of Latvian language in Russian schools.[4][5] Freedom House has also noted that "Over half of all Russian students took part in protests."[6]

As a result, the Education law was amended in February 2004, allowing to teach up to 40% in the forms 10-12 in minority languages. The proportion of teaching 60% of subjects in Latvian and 40% in Russian, according to BISS research, was supported by 20% of the teachers, 15% of pupils and 13% of parents in minority schools and most stated that they would rather support bilingual instruction in all subjects; only 15% of teachers thought that no reform was needed, while this opinion was expressed by 36% of parents and 44% of pupils.[7] The parliamentary opposition started two cases before the Constitutional Court of Latvia (abjudicated in May and September, 2005) with most of its demands being refused.

References
  1. Boguševiča T. Mazākumtautību protesta kustību veidošanās: Latvijas krievvalodīgās minoritātes gadījuma analīze Rīga, LU SZF, 2009 — 107. lpp.(in Latvian)
  2. Штаб защиты русских школ, официальный сайт
  3. Заявление о создании штаба по защите русских школ. Published in: "Ракурс" No. 1/2003 The text of the founding statement is available online on the LRU website (in Russian)
  4. Freedom in the World 2005. Latvia Freedom House
  5. Boguševiča T. Mazākumtautību protesta kustību veidošanās: Latvijas krievvalodīgās minoritātes gadījuma analīze Rīga, LU SZF, 2009 — 95. lpp.(in Latvian)
  6. Nations in Transit - Latvia (2005)
  7. Cittautiešu jauniešu integrācija Latvijas sabiedrībā izglītības reformas kontekstā. B. Zepas redakcijā. Baltijas Sociālo zinātņu institūts, 2004 — 79. lpp.

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