SND1

Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 also known as 100 kDa coactivator or Tudor domain-containing protein 11 (TDRD11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SND1 gene.[5][6][7][8] SND1 is a main component of RISC complex[9] and plays an important role in miRNA function.[10][11] SND1 is Tudor domain containing protein and Tudor Proteins are highly conserved proteins and even present in Drosophila melanogaster.[12] SND1 is also involved in Autism.[13]

SND1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2E6N, 2HQE, 2HQX, 2O4X, 3BDL, 3OMC, 3OMG, 4QMG
Identifiers
Aliases	SND1, TDRD11, p100, staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1, Tudor-SN
External IDs	OMIM: 602181 MGI: 1929266 HomoloGene: 8665 GeneCards: SND1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7q32.1 Start 127,652,194 bp[1] End 128,092,609 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6|6 A3.3 Start 28,475,139 bp[2] End 28,935,162 bp[2]
Gene ontology Molecular function • GO:0001948 protein binding • GO:0001104 transcription coregulator activity • nucleic acid binding • nuclease activity • RNA binding • cadherin binding • endonuclease activity • endoribonuclease activity • hydrolase activity • RISC complex binding Cellular component • melanosome • RISC complex • extracellular exosome • mitochondrion • membrane • dense body • cytoplasm • cytosol • cell nucleus Biological process • gene silencing by RNA • GO:0022415 viral process • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • osteoblast differentiation • transcription, DNA-templated • nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis • RNA catabolic process • regulation of cell cycle process • miRNA catabolic process • RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic • regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	27044	56463
Ensembl	ENSG00000197157	ENSMUSG00000001424
UniProt	Q7KZF4	Q78PY7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_014390	NM_019776
RefSeq (protein)	NP_055205	NP_062750
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 127.65 – 128.09 Mb	Chr 6: 28.48 – 28.94 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Clinical significance

SND1 acts as oncogene in many cancers[14][15][16] and in hepatocellular carcinoma progression.[10][11] SND1 promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through a novel pathway which involves NF-kappaB and miR-221.[17] SND1 promotes migration and invasion via angiotensin II type 1 receptor and TGFβ signaling.[18] SND1 expression is regulated by Mir-184 in gliomas.[19]

Interactions

SND1 has been shown to interact with MYB,[20]

• PIM1,[21] POLR2A,[22] RBPJ,[23][24] and STAT6.[22]

SND1 also interacts with G3BP (stress granule protein)[25] and AEG-1.[10][11]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197157 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001424 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Tong X, Drapkin R, Yalamanchili R, Mosialos G, Kieff E (Sep 1995). "The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 acidic domain forms a complex with a novel cellular coactivator that can interact with TFIIE". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (9): 4735–44. doi:10.1128/mcb.15.9.4735. PMC 230717. PMID 7651391.
6. Callebaut I, Mornon JP (Jan 1997). "The human EBNA-2 coactivator p100: multidomain organization and relationship to the staphylococcal nuclease fold and to the tudor protein involved in Drosophila melanogaster development". The Biochemical Journal. 321 (1): 125–32. doi:10.1042/bj3210125. PMC 1218045. PMID 9003410.
7. Paukku K, Yang J, Silvennoinen O (Sep 2003). "Tudor and nuclease-like domains containing protein p100 function as coactivators for signal transducer and activator of transcription 5". Molecular Endocrinology. 17 (9): 1805–14. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0256. PMID 12819296.
8. "Entrez Gene: SND1 staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1".
9. Tsuchiya N, Ochiai M, Nakashima K, Ubagai T, Sugimura T, Nakagama H (Oct 2007). "SND1, a component of RNA-induced silencing complex, is up-regulated in human colon cancers and implicated in early stage colon carcinogenesis". Cancer Research. 67 (19): 9568–76. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2707. PMID 17909068.
10. Yoo BK, Santhekadur PK, Gredler R, Chen D, Emdad L, Bhutia S, Pannell L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (May 2011). "Increased RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepatology. 53 (5): 1538–48. doi:10.1002/hep.24216. PMC 3081619. PMID 21520169.
11. Yoo BK, Emdad L, Lee SG, Su ZZ, Santhekadur P, Chen D, Gredler R, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (Apr 2011). "Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1): A multifunctional regulator of normal and abnormal physiology". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 130 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.008. PMC 3043119. PMID 21256156.
12. Ying, Muying; Chen, Dahua (1 January 2012). "Tudor domain-containing proteins of Drosophila melanogaster". Development, Growth & Differentiation. 54 (1): 32–43. doi:10.1111/j.1440-169X.2011.01308.x. PMID 23741747. S2CID 23227910.
13. Holt R, Barnby G, Maestrini E, Bacchelli E, Brocklebank D, Sousa I, Mulder EJ, Kantojärvi K, Järvelä I, Klauck SM, Poustka F, Bailey AJ, Monaco AP (Sep 2010). "Linkage and candidate gene studies of autism spectrum disorders in European populations". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (9): 1013–9. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.69. PMC 2987412. PMID 20442744.
14. Tsuchiya N, Nakagama H (Nov 2010). "MicroRNA, SND1, and alterations in translational regulation in colon carcinogenesis". Mutation Research. 693 (1–2): 94–100. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.09.001. PMID 20883704.
15. Kuruma H, Kamata Y, Takahashi H, Igarashi K, Kimura T, Miki K, Miki J, Sasaki H, Hayashi N, Egawa S (Jun 2009). "Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 as a potential tissue marker for prostate cancer". The American Journal of Pathology. 174 (6): 2044–50. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080776. PMC 2684170. PMID 19435788.
16. Ho J, Kong JW, Choong LY, Loh MC, Toy W, Chong PK, Wong CH, Wong CY, Shah N, Lim YP (Feb 2009). "Novel breast cancer metastasis-associated proteins". Journal of Proteome Research. 8 (2): 583–94. doi:10.1021/pr8007368. PMID 19086899.
17. Santhekadur PK, Das SK, Gredler R, Chen D, Srivastava J, Robertson C, Baldwin AS, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (Apr 2012). "Multifunction protein staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through novel pathway that involves nuclear factor κB and miR-221". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287 (17): 13952–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.321646. PMC 3340184. PMID 22396537.
18. Santhekadur PK, Akiel M, Emdad L, Gredler R, Srivastava J, Rajasekaran D, Robertson CL, Mukhopadhyay ND, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2014). "Staphylococcal nuclease domain containing-1 (SND1) promotes migration and invasion via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and TGFβ signaling". FEBS Open Bio. 4: 353–61. doi:10.1016/j.fob.2014.03.012. PMC 4050181. PMID 24918049.
19. Emdad L, Janjic A, Alzubi MA, Hu B, Santhekadur PK, Menezes ME, Shen XN, Das SK, Sarkar D, Fisher PB (Mar 2015). "Suppression of miR-184 in malignant gliomas upregulates SND1 and promotes tumor aggressiveness". Neuro-Oncology. 17 (3): 419–29. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nou220. PMC 4483100. PMID 25216670.
20. Dash AB, Orrico FC, Ness SA (Aug 1996). "The EVES motif mediates both intermolecular and intramolecular regulation of c-Myb". Genes & Development. 10 (15): 1858–69. doi:10.1101/gad.10.15.1858. PMID 8756344.
21. Leverson JD, Koskinen PJ, Orrico FC, Rainio EM, Jalkanen KJ, Dash AB, Eisenman RN, Ness SA (Oct 1998). "Pim-1 kinase and p100 cooperate to enhance c-Myb activity". Molecular Cell. 2 (4): 417–25. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80141-0. PMID 9809063.
22. Yang J, Aittomäki S, Pesu M, Carter K, Saarinen J, Kalkkinen N, Kieff E, Silvennoinen O (Sep 2002). "Identification of p100 as a coactivator for STAT6 that bridges STAT6 with RNA polymerase II". The EMBO Journal. 21 (18): 4950–8. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf463. PMC 126276. PMID 12234934.
23. Zhou S, Fujimuro M, Hsieh JJ, Chen L, Hayward SD (Feb 2000). "A role for SKIP in EBNA2 activation of CBF1-repressed promoters". Journal of Virology. 74 (4): 1939–47. doi:10.1128/jvi.74.4.1939-1947.2000. PMC 111672. PMID 10644367.
24. Hsieh JJ, Zhou S, Chen L, Young DB, Hayward SD (Jan 1999). "CIR, a corepressor linking the DNA binding factor CBF1 to the histone deacetylase complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (1): 23–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.1.23. PMC 15086. PMID 9874765.
25. Gao X, Ge L, Shao J, Su C, Zhao H, Saarikettu J, Yao X, Yao Z, Silvennoinen O, Yang J (Aug 2010). "Tudor-SN interacts with and co-localizes with G3BP in stress granules under stress conditions". FEBS Letters. 584 (16): 3525–32. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.07.022. PMC 7127458. PMID 20643132.

Further reading

• Dash AB, Orrico FC, Ness SA (Aug 1996). "The EVES motif mediates both intermolecular and intramolecular regulation of c-Myb". Genes & Development. 10 (15): 1858–69. doi:10.1101/gad.10.15.1858. PMID 8756344.
• Leverson JD, Koskinen PJ, Orrico FC, Rainio EM, Jalkanen KJ, Dash AB, Eisenman RN, Ness SA (Oct 1998). "Pim-1 kinase and p100 cooperate to enhance c-Myb activity". Molecular Cell. 2 (4): 417–25. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80141-0. PMID 9809063.
• Liénard P, Rivière M, Van Vooren P, Szpirer C, Szpirer J (2001). "Assignment of SND1, the gene encoding coactivator p100, to human chromosome 7q31.3 and rat chromosome 4q23 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 90 (3–4): 253–4. doi:10.1159/000056783. PMID 11124528. S2CID 46217878.
• Rushton JJ, Ness SA (2001). "The conserved DNA binding domain mediates similar regulatory interactions for A-Myb, B-Myb, and c-Myb transcription factors". Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases. 27 (2): 459–63. doi:10.1006/bcmd.2001.0405. PMID 11259168.
• Broadhurst MK, Wheeler TT (Nov 2001). "The p100 coactivator is present in the nuclei of mammary epithelial cells and its abundance is increased in response to prolactin in culture and in mammary tissue during lactation". The Journal of Endocrinology. 171 (2): 329–37. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1710329. PMID 11691653.
• Yang J, Aittomäki S, Pesu M, Carter K, Saarinen J, Kalkkinen N, Kieff E, Silvennoinen O (Sep 2002). "Identification of p100 as a coactivator for STAT6 that bridges STAT6 with RNA polymerase II". The EMBO Journal. 21 (18): 4950–8. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf463. PMC 126276. PMID 12234934.
• Tijms MA, Snijder EJ (Sep 2003). "Equine arteritis virus non-structural protein 1, an essential factor for viral subgenomic mRNA synthesis, interacts with the cellular transcription co-factor p100". The Journal of General Virology. 84 (Pt 9): 2317–22. doi:10.1099/vir.0.19297-0. PMID 12917451.
• Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ (Jan 2005). "Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells". Nature Biotechnology. 23 (1): 94–101. doi:10.1038/nbt1046. PMID 15592455. S2CID 7200157.
• Broadhurst MK, Lee RS, Hawkins S, Wheeler TT (Jan 2005). "The p100 EBNA-2 coactivator: a highly conserved protein found in a range of exocrine and endocrine cells and tissues in cattle". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1681 (2–3): 126–33. doi:10.1016/j.bbaexp.2004.10.009. PMID 15627504.
• Välineva T, Yang J, Palovuori R, Silvennoinen O (Apr 2005). "The transcriptional co-activator protein p100 recruits histone acetyltransferase activity to STAT6 and mediates interaction between the CREB-binding protein and STAT6". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (15): 14989–96. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410465200. PMID 15695802.
• Chi A, Valencia JC, Hu ZZ, Watabe H, Yamaguchi H, Mangini NJ, Huang H, Canfield VA, Cheng KC, Yang F, Abe R, Yamagishi S, Shabanowitz J, Hearing VJ, Wu C, Appella E, Hunt DF (Nov 2006). "Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes". Journal of Proteome Research. 5 (11): 3135–44. doi:10.1021/pr060363j. PMID 17081065.
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M (Nov 2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks". Cell. 127 (3): 635–48. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983. S2CID 7827573.