STAR (gene)

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAR gene. [5]

STAR
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3P0L
Identifiers
Aliases	STAR, STARD1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
External IDs	OMIM: 600617 MGI: 102760 HomoloGene: 297 GeneCards: STAR
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human)[1] Band 8p11.23 Start 38,142,700 bp[1] End 38,150,992 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8 A2|8 14.17 cM Start 25,806,555 bp[2] End 25,815,982 bp[2]
Gene ontology Molecular function • GO:0001948 protein binding • GO:0017127 cholesterol transfer activity • lipid binding • cholesterol binding Cellular component • cytosol • mitochondrial intermembrane space • neuronal cell body • mitochondrial crista • neuron projection • mitochondrion Biological process • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process • cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus • estrogen biosynthetic process • response to ionizing radiation • response to fungicide • cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus • phenol-containing compound metabolic process • male gonad development • phthalate metabolic process • biphenyl metabolic process • cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus • cellular response to growth hormone stimulus • lipid transport • cellular lipid metabolic process • response to organic cyclic compound • cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus • circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep • response to nutrient • insecticide metabolic process • glucocorticoid metabolic process • diterpenoid metabolic process • response to corticosterone • response to antibiotic • response to steroid hormone • cellular response to organic cyclic compound • response to nicotine • regulation of steroid biosynthetic process • response to peptide hormone • cholesterol metabolic process • cellular response to alkaloid • cellular response to cadmium ion • cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus • response to activity • response to organic substance • response to gonadotropin • cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus • response to estrogen • cellular response to epinephrine stimulus • C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process • positive regulation of neurogenesis • brain development • positive regulation of gene expression • cellular response to metal ion • intracellular cholesterol transport • response to nutrient levels • response to lead ion • dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process • circadian rhythm • cellular response to interferon-alpha • cellular response to insulin stimulus • cellular response to interferon-gamma • cellular response to antibiotic • regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity • response to insecticide • response to ethanol • response to leptin • bile acid biosynthetic process • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide • response to toxic substance • response to herbicide • response to drug • response to hydrogen peroxide • testosterone biosynthetic process • cellular response to cAMP • cellular response to glucose stimulus • steroid biosynthetic process • organic acid metabolic process • positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6770	20845
Ensembl	ENSG00000147465	ENSMUSG00000031574
UniProt	P49675	P51557
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000349 NM_001007243	NM_011485
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000340	NP_035615
Location (UCSC)	Chr 8: 38.14 – 38.15 Mb	Chr 8: 25.81 – 25.82 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

The protein encoded by this gene plays a key role in the acute regulation of steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone. This protein permits the cleavage of cholesterol into pregnenolone by mediating the transport of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in this gene are a cause of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (CLAH), also called lipoid CAH. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000147465 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031574 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein". Retrieved 2018-06-24.

Further reading

• Stocco DM (May 2002). "Clinical disorders associated with abnormal cholesterol transport: mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 191 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00048-5. PMID 12044915. S2CID 23614656.
• Tuckey RC, Headlam MJ, Bose HS, Miller WL (December 2002). "Transfer of cholesterol between phospholipid vesicles mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (49): 47123–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206965200. PMID 12372832.
• Mathieu AP, Lavigne P, LeHoux JG (November 2002). "Molecular modeling and structure-based thermodynamic analysis of the StAR protein". Endocr. Res. 28 (4): 419–23. doi:10.1081/erc-120016817. PMID 12530644. S2CID 25030552.
• Tajima K, Dantes A, Yao Z, Sorokina K, Kotsuji F, Seger R, Amsterdam A (May 2003). "Down-regulation of steroidogenic response to gonadotropins in human and rat preovulatory granulosa cells involves mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and modulation of DAX-1 and steroidogenic factor-1". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (5): 2288–99. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020913. PMID 12727988.
• Kim HJ, Kim JE, Ha M, Kang SS, Kim JT, Park IS, Paek SH, Jung HW, Kim DG, Cho GJ, Choi WS (July 2003). "Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in the normal human brain and intracranial tumors". Brain Res. 978 (1–2): 245–9. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02840-3. PMID 12834921. S2CID 32869169.
• Kohen P, Castro O, Palomino A, Muñoz A, Christenson LK, Sierralta W, Carvallo P, Strauss JF, Devoto L (July 2003). "The steroidogenic response and corpus luteum expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein after human chorionic gonadotropin administration at different times in the human luteal phase". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (7): 3421–30. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021916. PMID 12843197.
• Sugawara T, Shimizu H, Hoshi N, Nakajima A, Fujimoto S (October 2003). "Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-binding protein cloned by a yeast two-hybrid system". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (43): 42487–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302291200. PMID 12909641.
• Sun HS, Hsiao KY, Hsu CC, Wu MH, Tsai SJ (September 2003). "Transactivation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in human endometriotic stromalcells is mediated by the prostaglandin EP2 receptor". Endocrinology. 144 (9): 3934–42. doi:10.1210/en.2003-0289. PMID 12933667.
• Li J, Feltzer RE, Dawson KL, Hudson EA, Clark BJ (December 2003). "Janus kinase 2 and calcium are required for angiotensin II-dependent activation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein transcription in H295R human adrenocortical cells". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (52): 52355–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305232200. PMID 14565954.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.