Sarah Whitehead

Sarah Whitehead is the reported name of a woman whose ghost is said to haunt the Bank of England; her ghost became known as The Bank Nun.

Sarah Whitehead
Engraving of Whitehead from The New Wonderful Magazine
Known forReputedly haunting the Bank of England

Background

Whitehead's brother, Philip, was employed by the Bank of England from 1797 to 1810.[1] During his employment at the bank, Philip Whitehead "adopted an extravagent lifestyle" and began to speculate on the Stock Market.[1] The directors of the bank allowed him to resign, avoiding dismissal and he set himself up as a stockbroker.[1] Meanwhile evidence came to light, demonstrating that Philip Whitehead had defrauded Robarts & Co. by "forging an acceptance to a Bill".[1] He was charged with forgery in 1811.[2] Then executed on 29 January 1812.[1][3]

The news of her brother's conviction and execution was kept from his sister, Sarah Whitehead, as long as possible.[1] However, upon hearing the news, Whitehead's mental health became unstable and she visited the Bank daily, asking if he was there.[1] This continued until 1818, when the Directors offered Whitehead a financial grant on the condition that she stopped coming to the bank.[1] Whitehead wore black crepe clothing, which was a sign of mourning, and as a result became known as the 'Bank Nun'.[1]

However, there is uncertainty over her identity, since there is no recorded 'Sarah Whitehead' in contemporary records.[4]

Ghost

Whitehead's ghost reputedly haunts the Bank of England, as well as the area on Threadneedle Street nearby.[5]

Legacy

Literature

The story of Whitehead and later on, her ghost, was repeatedly written about and serialised in newspapers in the nineteenth century.[1] The story was re-written as The Lady in Black, or, the Widow and the Wife by James Malcolm Rymer, as penny fiction from 1847-8.[4] Edith Sitwell reimagined Whitehead's story in her book English Eccentrics.[6] The myth of Whitehead's ghost appears in the poem New Year Letter by W H Auden.[4]

Theatre

In 1861 her story was portrayed on stage at the Bower Saloon Theatre on Stangate Street, Westminster Road.[1]

Hauntology

Whitehead's story features in several publications about ghost in London, as well as several events programmes, including: London Ghost Walks;[7] 'Lates' by Bank of England Museum;[8] Reader's Digest List of '20 Most Haunted Places in London'.[9]

Historiography

Whitehead's story has been repeated in many formats, across a large number of years and the story of her ghost needs to considered against the historical background of concerns about forgery in the 1810s.[4] The story of her brother first appears in The Criminal Recorder in 1815.[10] Whitehead's story was first reported in the The Times on 22 February 1828.[4] It was repeated and illustrated in Streetology in 1837.[4] In 1841, a date of death for Whitehead is reported for the first time.[11]

References
  1. Acres, W. Marston (1931). The Bank of England from Within 1694 - 1900. London: Oxford University Press. p. 368.
  2. Clark, James (31 August 2007). Haunted London. History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5993-3.
  3. The Digital Panopticon Paul Whitehead b. 1775, Life Archive ID obpt18111030-44-defend374. Version 1.1, consulted 26 January 2019.
  4. "Rebecca Nesvet, "Miss Whitehead, 'The Bank Nun'" | BRANCH". Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  5. "London for Ghost Hunters: Five Haunted London Locations". East London History. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  6. Sitwell, Edith (2003). English Eccentrics. Textbook Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7581-0993-4.
  7. "The Bank of England - Haunted London". www.london-ghost-tour.com. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  8. "Museum late – a spook-tacular soirée!". www.bankofengland.co.uk. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  9. "20 Of the most haunted places to visit in London - Reader's Digest". www.readersdigest.co.uk. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  10. The Criminal Recorder: Or, Biographical Sketches of Notorious Public Characters, Including Murderers, Traitors, Pirates, Mutineers, Incendiaries ... and Other Noted Persons who Have Suffered the Sentence of the Law for Criminal Offenses ; Embracing a Variety of Curious and Singular Cases, Anecdotes, &c. R. Dowson. 1815.
  11. Reider, William D. (1841). The New Tablet of Memory; Or, Recorder of Remarkable Events, Compiled and Alphabetically Arranged from the Earliest Period to the Present Time.
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