Scorzoneroides

Scorzoneroides or hawkbits is a genus of plants of dandelion tribe within the daisy family.[2][3]

Scorzoneroides
Scorzoneroides muelleri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Tribe:
Cichorieae
Genus:
Scorzoneroides

Synonyms[1]
Scorzoneroides montana subsp. montana

Scorzoneroides used to be included in the genus Leontodon. Recent molecular studies revealed that Leontodon in the older, broader sense is an unnatural adhesion of two separate groupings. Therefore, the former subgenus Oporinia of the genus Leontodon had to be resurrected as a separate genus.[4] [5]

Secondary metabolites

In some members of the genus Scorzoneroides, germacranolides and costus lactone-type guaianolides were detected. The genus is a rich source of hieracin-type and lactucin-type guaianolides.[6]

Phenolics found in flowering heads of Scorzoneroides taxa include luteolin type flavonoids and caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives such as chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Moreover, Scorzoneroides are source species of caffeoyl tartaric acid derivatives caffeoyl tartaric acid and cichoric acid.[7]

Species
accepted species[1][8]
  • Scorzoneroides atlantica - Morocco
  • Scorzoneroides autumnalis - Europe, Morocco, Russia, Kazakhstan, Caucasus; introduced in North America[9]
  • Scorzoneroides cantabrica - Spain, Portugal
  • Scorzoneroides carpetana - Spain
  • Scorzoneroides cichoracea - Mediterranean
  • Scorzoneroides crocea - Italy, Austria, Romania, Ukraine, Crimea
  • Scorzoneroides duboisii - Spain, France
  • Scorzoneroides garnironii - Morocco
  • Scorzoneroides helvetica - France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, Italy
  • Scorzoneroides hispidula - Mediterranean
  • Scorzoneroides keretina - Ukraine, Finland
  • Scorzoneroides kralikii - Tunisia. Libya
  • Scorzoneroides laciniata - from Egypt to Iran
  • Scorzoneroides microcephala - Spain
  • Scorzoneroides montana - from Germany to Montenegro
  • Scorzoneroides montaniformis - Austria, Italy, Albania
  • Scorzoneroides muelleri - western Mediterranean
  • Scorzoneroides nevadensis - Spain
  • Scorzoneroides oraria - Morocco, Libya
  • Scorzoneroides palisiae - Morocco, Canary Islands, Spain
  • Scorzoneroides pseudotaraxaci - Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Crimea
  • Scorzoneroides pyrenaica - Spain, France
  • Scorzoneroides rilaensis - Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia
  • Scorzoneroides salzmannii - Morocco, Canary Islands
  • Scorzoneroides simplex - Egypt, Libya

References
  1. Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. Moench, Conrad. 1794. Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis 549 in Latin
  3. Tropicos, Scorzoneroides Moench
  4. Samuel, R; Gutermann, W; Stuessy, TF; Ruas, C F; Lack, H-W; Tremetsberger, K; Talavera, S; Hermanowski, B; Ehrendorfer, F (2006). "Molecular phylogenetics reveals Leontodon (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) to be diphyletic". American Journal of Botany. 93: 1193–1205. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.8.1193. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 21642184.
  5. Greuter, W; Gutermann, W; Talavera, S (2006). "A preliminary conspectus of Scorzoneroides (Compositae, Cichorieae) with validation of the required names". Willdenowia (Berlin, Germany). 36: 689–692. doi:10.3372/wi.36.36204. ISSN 1868-6397.
  6. Zidorn, C (2008). "Sesquiterpene lactones and their precursors as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Phytochemistry. 69: 2270–2296. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.013. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 18715600.
  7. Zidorn, C; Stuppner, H (2001). "Chemosystematics of taxa from the Leontodon section Oporinia". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). 29: 827–837. doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(01)00019-9. ISSN 0305-1978.
  8. Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Scorzoneroides
  9. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map
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