Shade-Central City School District

The Shade-Central School District is a public school district located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. It is eponymous, serving the borough of Central City and the Township of Shade.

Shade-Central City School District
Address
203 McGregor Ave.

Cairnbrook
,
Pennsylvania
15924

United States
Information
TypePublic
SuperintendentMr. John Krupper (Also ES Prin.)
PrincipalMr. Shawn Wectinheiser (High School)
PrincipalMr. John Krupper (Elementary & Sup't)
GradesK-12
Enrollment585 (2010–11)
 • Kindergarten44
 • Grade 136
 • Grade 232
 • Grade 330
 • Grade 448
 • Grade 535
 • Grade 652
 • Grade 747
 • Grade 842
 • Grade 948
 • Grade 1059
 • Grade 1158
 • Grade 1249
 • OtherEnrollment project to decline to 462 by 2018[1]
Color(s)Blue and Gold
Athletics conferencePIAA District V
MascotPanthers
NewspaperShadarrow
YearbookShadonian
Websitehttp://shade.k12.pa.us/

School Complex

There is the Shade Junior/Senior High School (Grades 7–12) and the Cairnbrook Elementary School (Grades K-6). They are both located on the same campus on McGregor Avenue, in the village of Cairnbrook in Shade Township. The district encompasses approximately 68 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 4,144. District officials reported in school year 2005–06, that the SCCSD provided basic educational services to 625 pupils through the employment of 44 teachers, 47 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 3 administrators.

Governance

The school district is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serve four-year terms), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[2] The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates the district focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills.

The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a "F" for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more.[3]

Academic achievement

Shade-Central City School District was ranked 434th out of 493 Pennsylvania school districts evaluated in 2010 by the Pittsburgh Business Times. The ranking was based on three years of student academic performance on the reading, writing, math and two years of science PSSAs.[4]

2009 – 409th
2008 – 386th out of 497 school districts
2007 – 367th out of 501 school districts.[5]

In 2009, the academic achievement of the students of the Shade-Central City School District was in the 22nd percentile among 500 Pennsylvania school districts. Scale – (0–99; 100 is state best)[6]

Graduation Rate

  • 2010 – 94%[7]
  • 2009 – 95%
  • 2008 – 98%[8]
  • 2007 – 98%[9]

Shade Junior Senior High School

PSSA Results
11th Grade Reading
2010 – 62% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 67% of 11th graders on grade level.[10]
2009 – 46%, State – 65%
2008 – 63%, State – 65%[11]

11th Grade Math:
2010 – 40% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 59% of 11th graders on grade level.[12]
2009 – 26%, State – 56%[13]
2008 – 61%, State – 56%

11th Grade Science:
2010 – 30% on grade level. State – 39% of 11th graders were on grade level.
2009 – 21%, State – 40%[14]
2008 – 26%, State – 39%[15]

Graduation requirements

By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students must complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district.[16]

Beginning with the class of 2015, students must take the Keystone Exams in reading and math.[17]

Challenge Program

The Challenge Program, Inc. offers $250.00 cash incentives to Shade-Central City Senior High School sophomores, juniors, and seniors who excel in the categories of: Academic Improvement, Attendance, Community Service and Academic Excellence. The program partners with businesses to motivate students both in and out of the classroom by encouraging good habits in students that will last throughout their education and into their future careers. For the 2010–2011 school year, the top 10% of students in each of the categories will be eligible to win $250.00.[18]

College remediation rate

According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 10% of the Shade-Central City Senior High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges.[19] Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years.[20] Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in math, reading or English.

Dual enrollment

The high school offers a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offers a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books.[21] Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions.[22]

For the 2009–10 funding year, the school district received a state grant of $9,599 for the program.[23]

Eighth Grade

Reading
2010 – 80% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 81% of 8th graders on grade level. (45 pupils enrolled)
2009 – 72%, State – 80% (50 pupils)
2008 – 63%, State – 78% (58 pupils)

Math:
2010 – 84% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 75% of 8th graders are on grade level.
2009 – 62%, State – 71%[24]
2008 – 53%, State – 70%

Science:
2010 – 55% on grade level. State – 57% of 8th graders were on grade level.
2009 – 38%, State – 55%.
2008 – 31%, State – 52%

Seventh Grade

Reading:
2010 – 76% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 73% of 7th graders are on grade level. (39 pupils enrolled)
2009 – 68%, State – 71% (45 pupils enrolled)
2008 – 44%, State – 70% (50 pupils enrolled)

Math:
2010 – 82% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 77% of 7th graders are on grade level.
2009 – 71%, State – 75%
2008 – 48%, State – 70%

Cairnbrook Elementary School

6th Grade Reading:
2010 – 76% on grade level. State: 68% of 6th graders were on grade level. (38 pupils enrolled)
2009 – 69%, State – 67%
2008 – 75%, State – 67%

6th Grade Math:
2010 – 92% on grade level. State – 78% of 6th graders were on grade level.
2009 – 95%, State – 75%
2008 – 84%, State −72%

5th Grade Reading:
2010 – 61% on grade level. State – 64% of 5th graders were on grade level. (47 pupils enrolled)
2009 – 70%, State – 64%
2008 – 57%, State – 61%[25]

5th Grade Math:
2010 – 74% on grade level. State – 74% of 5th graders were on grade level.
2009 – 87%, State – 73%
2008 – 89%, State – 73%

4th Grade Reading:
2010 – 67% on grade level. State – 72% of 4th graders were on grade level. (37 pupils enrolled)
2009 – 85%, State – 72%[26]
2008 – 68%, State – 70%

4th Grade Math:
2010 – 75% on grade level. State – 84% of 4th graders were on grade level.
2009 – 95%, State – 81
2008 – 100%, State – 79%

4th Grade Science:
2010 – 91% on grade level. State – 81% of 4th graders were on grade level.
2009 – 97%, State – 83%
2008 – 95%, State – 81%

3rd Grade Reading:
2010 – 71% on grade level. State – 75% of 3rd graders were on grade level. (45 pupils enrolled)
2009 – 70%, State – 77%
2008 – 85%, State – 77%

3rd Grade Math:
2010 – 77% on grade level. State – 84% of 3rd graders were on grade level.
2009 – 70%, State – 81%
2008 – 95%, State – 80%

Special education

In December 2009, the district administration reported that 112 pupils or 18.9% of the district's pupils received Special Education services.[27]

By law the District engages in identification procedures to ensure that eligible students receive an appropriate educational program consisting of special education and related services, individualized to meet student needs. At no cost to the parents, these services are provided in compliance with state and federal law; and are reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit and student progress. To identify students who may be eligible for special education, various screening activities are conducted on an ongoing basis. These screening activities include: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, report cards, ability and achievement test scores); hearing, vision, motor, and speech/language screening; and review by the Instructional Support Team or Student Assistance Team. When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the District or contact the Department of Special Education. Services are provided through the IU8.[28]

Bullying policy

In 2009, the administrative reported there was 1 incident of bullying in the district.[29][30]

The Shade-Central City School Board implemented an antibullying program in 2007.[31] The bullying policy is not posted on the district's website. All Pennsylvania schools are required to have an anti-bullying policy incorporated into their Code of Student Conduct. The policy must identify disciplinary actions for bullying and designate a school staff person to receive complaints of bullying. The policy must be available on the school's website and posted in every classroom. All Pennsylvania public schools must provide a copy of its anti-bullying policy to the Office for Safe Schools every year, and shall review their policy every three years. Additionally, the district must conduct an annual review of that policy with students.[32] The Center for Schools and Communities works in partnership with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency and the Pennsylvania Department of Education to assist schools and communities as they research, select and implement bullying prevention programs and initiatives.[33]

Education standards relating to student safety and antiharassment programs are described in the 10.3. Safety and Injury Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education.[34]

Budget

In 2009, the district reported employing over 40 teachers with a salary range of $34,000 to $96,000 for a 183-day school year. The average salary was $47,751.[35][36] Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, professional development reimbursement, 1 personal day per year, sick days – 10, and a variety of other benefits. Teachers are paid for extra instructional services at an hourly rate.[37] Additionally, the district pays an early retirement incentive of $3000 to $10,000 lump sum.

In 2007, the district employed 38 teachers. The average teacher salary in the district was $50,007 for 183 days worked.[38] As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation.[39]

The Shade-Central City School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 was $902.90 per pupil. This ranked 103rd for per pupil administrative spending in the state. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.[40]

In 2008, the district administration reported spending $12,276 per pupil which ranked 243rd among Pennsylvania's 501 school districts.[41]

In April 2009, the Pennsylvania Auditor General conducted a performance audit of the district. Multiple issues were cited. The findings were reported to the administration and the school board.[42]

Reserves In 2008, the district reported a $1,938,008 in an unreserved-undesignated fund balance. The designated fund balance was reported as zero.[43]

The district is funded by a combination of: a local income tax, a property tax, a real estate transfer tax, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the annual Title 1 grants from the federal government. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax, regardless of the person's wealth.[44]

State basic education funding

For the 2010–11 budget year, the Shade-Central City School District was allotted a 2.36% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $4,026,566. The highest increase in Somerset County was provided to: North Star School District and Somerset Area School District both of which received a 2.82% increase. One hundred fifty Pennsylvania school districts received the base 2% increase. The highest increase in 2010–11 went to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County which received a 23.65% increase in state funding.[45] The amount of increase each school district receives is set by the Governor and the Secretary of Education as a part of the state budget proposal given each February.[46]

In the 2009–2010 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 3.76% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $3,993,768. Somerset Area School District received a 4.87%. The state Basic Education Funding to the district in 2008–09 was $4,997,872. Ninety Pennsylvania school districts received a 2% increase. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received a 22.31% increase in state basic education funding in 2009.[47]

Accountability Block Grants

Beginning in 2004–2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania’s school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K-3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students, For 2010–11 the district applied for and received $137,371 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The Shade-Central City School District uses the funding to reduce class size K – 3rd grade for the 5th year.[48][49]

Classrooms for the Future grant

The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006–2009. Shade-Central City School District was denied funding in 2006–07. In 2007–08 the district did not apply for the grant. In 2008–09 it received $74,691.[50]

Federal Stimulus grant

The district received an extra $548,509 in ARRA – Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students.[51] The funding is for the 2009–10 and 2010–2011 school years.[52] The district reported using the federal funding to increase its unreserved fund balance.[53]

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 263 students qualified for free or reduced-price lunch due to low family income in 2008.[54]

Race to the Top Grant

School district officials applied for the Race to the Top federal grant which will mean hundreds of thousands of additional federal dollars for improving student academic achievement.[55] The administration, school board and teachers' union prioritized free resources to improve student success over local control. Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.[56][57][58]

Common Cents state initiative

The Shade-Central City School Board decided to not participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program. The program called for the state to audit the district, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the district could save tax dollars.[59] After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement the recommended cost savings changes.

Real estate taxes

Property tax rates in 2010 were set at 33.2300 mills.[60] A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and the region.

  • 2009 – 31.8300 mills.[61]
  • 2008 – 30.0000 mills[62]

Act 1 Adjusted Index

The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not allowed to raise taxes above that index unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2011–2012 school year is 1.4 percent, but the Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.[63]

The School District Adjusted Index for the Shade-Central City School District 2006–2007 through 2011–2012.[64]

2006–07 – 5.8%, Base 3.9%
2007–08 – 5.1%, Base 3.4%
2008–09 – 6.6%, Base 4.4%
2009–10 – 6.1%, Base 4.1%
2010–11 – 4.4%, Base 2.9%
2011–12 – 2.1%, Base 1.4%

The Shade-Central City School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index for the budget year 2010–2011.[65] In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards asked to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases.[66]

Property tax relief

In 2010, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for the Shade- Central City School District was $172 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 1,133 property owners applied for the tax relief.[67] The relief was subtracted from each property owner's annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least 10 contiguous acres and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In Somerset County, 47% of eligible property owners applied for property tax relief in 2009.[68] In Somerset County, the highest amount of tax relief in 2010, went to Shanksville-Stonycreek School District at $211. The highest property tax relief in Pennsylvania went to the residents of Chester Upland School District of Delaware County who received $632 per approved homestead.[69] This was the third year they were the top recipient.

Additionally, the Pennsylvania Property Tax/Rent Rebate program is provided for low income Pennsylvanians aged 65 and older; widows and widowers aged 50 and older; and people with disabilities age 18 and older. The income limit is $35,000 for homeowners. The maximum rebate for both homeowners and renters is $650. Applicants can exclude one-half (1/2) of their Social Security income, consequently, individual with income much more than $35,000 may still qualify for a rebate. Individuals must apply annually for the rebate. This can be taken in addition to Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief.[70]

Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).[71]

Enrollment

The district's enrollment is in the bottom 5% in Pennsylvania. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, there are fewer than 590 students enrolled in K-12. The senior class of 2011 has 50 students, while the class of 2010 had 58 students. Enrollment is projected to continue to decline by another 110 students to 458 by the 2018 academic year.[72] The administrative infrastructure and mandate related costs per pupil are very high. With limited local taxation resources, opportunities for students are limited.[73]

A state commissioned study was conducted in 2004, examining consolidating school district administrations. The study examined a consolidation of Shade- Central City SD with Conemaugh Township Area School District and with Berlin Brothersvalley School District each of the proposals yielded significant savings for local taxpayers.[74] The study noted that consolidation could significantly decrease school administrative costs for the communities while significantly improving offerings to students.

Rural Pennsylvania school enrollment is projected to decrease 8 percent by 2011. The most significant enrollment decline is projected to be in western Pennsylvania, where rural school districts may have a 16 percent decline. More than 40 percent of elementary schools and more than 60 percent of secondary schools in western Pennsylvania are projected to experience significant enrollment decreases (15 percent or greater).[75]

Pennsylvania has one of the highest numbers of school districts in the nation. In Pennsylvania, 80% of the school districts serve student populations under 5,000, and 40% serve less than 2,000. Less than 95 of Pennsylvania's 501 school districts have enrollment below 1250 students, in 2007.[76] This results in excessive school administration bureaucracy and not enough course diversity.[77] In a survey of 88 superintendents of small districts, 42% of the 49 respondents stated that they thought consolidation would save money without closing any schools.[78]

Extracurriculars

The district offers a variety of clubs, activities and sports. Eligibility for participation is determined by school board policy.

By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools.[79][80]

Athletics

The school board approved an athletic partnership with North Star School District that impacts the 2011 track season. North Star students participating in track will train and travel with the track consortium at Shade-Central City School, which includes student athletes from Shanksville-Stonycreek School District and Johnstown Christian School.

  • Baseball – Class A
  • Basketball – Class A
  • Football – Class A
  • Softball – Class A
  • Track and Field – Class AA
  • Volleyball – Class A
  • Wrestling – Class AA

References
  1. Pennsylvania Department of Education Enrollment and Projections Shade-Central City School District
  2. Pennsylvania Public School Code Governance 2010
  3. The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives. "The Pennsylvania Project". Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  4. Statewide Honor Roll Rankings 2010, Pittsburgh Business Times. April 30, 2010.
  5. USC Ranked Best School District In Pa.; Complete List Inside "WTAE" 2007 Archived March 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  6. 2009 PSSA RESULTS Shade-Central City SD, The Morning Call, 2009
  7. Shade-Central City School District Academic Achievement Report Card Data table
  8. Somerset County Graduation Rates, Grading Our Schools Database. The Times-Tribune June 25, 2009.
  9. Pennsylvania Partnerships for Children – High School Graduation rate 2007 Archived November 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  10. Shade-Central City 2009–2010 PSSA and AYP Results
  11. 2007–2008 PSSA and AYP Results
  12. Grading Our Schools PSSAs 2010 Database, The Times Tribune 2010
  13. 2009 PSSAs: Reading, Math, Writing and Science Results
  14. 2008–09 School Level Science PSSA Results
  15. Pennsylvania Department of Education Report on Science PSSAs 2008, released August 2008.
  16. Pennsylvania Code §4.24 (a) High school graduation requirements
  17. Pennsylvania’s New Graduation Requirements Archived December 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  18. The Challenge Program 2010 Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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  20. National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS 2008
  21. Pennsylvania Department of Education – Dual Enrollment Guidelines. Archived October 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  22. Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement. Site accessed March 2010.
  23. Pennsylvania Dual Enrollment Grants 2009 10 Fall Grants by School District Archived March 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
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  25. Grading Our Schools PSSAs 2008 Database, The Times Tribune, accessed December 2010
  26. Grading Our Schools PSSAs 2009 Database, The Times Tribune, accessed December 2010
  27. Shade-Central City SD Special Education Data Report LEA Performance on State Performance Plan (SPP) Targets School Year 2008–2009
  28. Shade-Central City Annual Public Notice of Special Education Services and Programs
  29. Shade-Central City SD School Safety Annual Report 2008 – 2009
  30. Pennsylvania Safe Schools Online Reports
  31. Shade-Central begins anti-bullying program, Daily American, October 17, 2007
  32. Regular Session 2007–2008 House Bill 1067, Act 61 Section 6 page 8
  33. Center for Safe Schools of Pennsylvania, Bullying Prevention advisory
  34. Pennsylvania Academic Standards
  35. Openpagov.org Payroll – Shade-Central City data
  36. Pa. Public School Salaries, Asbury Park Press 2009
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  40. Fenton, Jacob. Pennsylvania School District Data: Will School Consolidation Save Money?, The Morning Call, Feb 2009. Archived October 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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  42. Shade-Central City SCHOOL DISTRICT SOMERSET COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PERFORMANCE AUDIT REPORT APRIL 2009
  43. Pennsylvania Department of Education report on Fund Balances by Local Education Agency 1997 to 2008 Archived October 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  44. Pennsylvania Department of Revenue Personal Income Taxation Guidelines. Accessed April 2010
  45. PA Basic Education Funding-Printout2 2010–2011 Pennsylvania House Appropriations Committee Education Budget information. Archived October 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  46. Governor's Budget Proposal 2009, The Pennsylvania Department of Education Budget Proposal 2009, Office of Budget, February 2009.
  47. Pennsylvania Department of Education – Funding Allocations by district, October 2009
  48. Pennsylvania Department of Education – Accountability Block Grant report 2010, Grantee list 2010
  49. Accountability Block Grant Mid Year report Archived October 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  50. Pennsylvania Auditor General CFF grants audit December 22, 2008
  51. Somerset County ARRA FUNDING Archived March 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  52. School stimulus money, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 12, 2009.
  53. Stimulus props up Shade fund balance, Daily American, December 6, 2010
  54. Pennsylvania Department of Education School District Funding Report. October 2009. Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  55. Pennsylvania's 'Race to the Top' Fueled by Effective Reforms, Strong Local Support
  56. Race to the Top Fund, U.S. Department of Education, March 29, 2010.
  57. Pennsylvania Race to the Top Letter to Superintendents Archived October 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  58. Pennsylvania Race to the Top -School Districts Title I Allocations 2009–10 Archived November 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  59. Common Cents program – Making Every Dollar Count
  60. Pennsylvania Department of Education Finances_Real Estate Tax Rates 2010–11 Archived October 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
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  68. Special Report Pennsylvania Property Tax Relief, Pennsylvania Auditor General Office, 2-23-2010.
  69. Tax Relief per Homestead 2009, Pennsylvania Department of Education Report May 1, 2010
  70. Property Tax/Rent Rebate Program
  71. New Census Data on Property Taxes on Homeowners, Tax Foundation, September 22, 2009.
  72. Pennsylvania Public School Enrollments P-Y
  73. School District Consolidation Fact Sheet Archived October 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
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  75. "Research Analyzes Rural School District Enrollment and Building Capacity", The Center for Rural Pennsylvania. October 2009
  76. Pennsylvania Legislative Budget and Finance Committee, Study of the Cost Effectiveness of Consolidating Pennsylvania School Districts, 2007.
  77. Rendell, E. & Soderberg, M. (2009). Pennsylvania school district consolidation. 2009–10 Executive Budget Fast Facts. Pennsylvania Office of the Governor. Archived July 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  78. Study of the cost-effectiveness of consolidating Pennsylvania districts. New York: Standard & Poor’s School Evaluation Services. 2007, p. 6.
  79. Home-Schooled, Charter School Children Can Participate in School District Extracurricular Activities, Pennsylvania Office of the Governor Press Release, November 10, 2005 Archived October 23, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  80. Extracurricular Participation By Home Education Students Policy 137.1 Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

References:

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