Shah Makhdum Rupos

‘Abd al-Quddūs Jalāl ad-Dīn (Arabic: عبد القدوس جلال الدين‎), best known as Shah Makhdum (Bengali: শাহ মখদুম), and also known as Rupos, was a Sufi Muslim figure in Bangladesh. He is associated with the spread of Islam into the Varendra region of Bengal. He arrived in Bengal with his elder brother Syed Ahmad (Miran Shah) from Baghdad. Shah Makhdum Airport of Rajshahi, is named after him.[1]

Not to be confused with Makhdum Shah.
Shah Makhdum Rupos
Dargah of Shah Makhdum
Other namesRupos
Personal
Born
Abdul Quddus Jalaluddin

1475 (debated)
Baghdad
Died1313 or 1592 CE (debated)
Rampur Boalia
Resting placeDargah Para, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
ReligionSunni Islam
Parents
  • Azala Shah (father)
DenominationSufi (Chishti Order)
Other namesRupos
Senior posting
Based inRajshahi
PostSufi scholar and mystic
Tomb complex of Shah Makhdum

Life

The exact birth date of Shah Makhdum is not known but he was born in Baghdad. His father was Azala Shah, who was said to have been a descendant of Abdul Qadir Gilani. He came to Lakshmipur in Noakhali, where he established a khanqah in the village now known as Shyampur.[2] His elder brother, Syed Ahmad Miran Shah, established a khanqah in the nearby village of Kanchanpur. He earned the nickname of Rupos as he was known to cover his face with a piece of cloth in the manner of a section of the saints of the Chishti Order.

Two years later, he migrated with his companions to Bagha in Varendra after hearing that contemporary Muslim preacher Shah Turkan and his comrades were murdered by the local tantric Raja Angsu Deo Chandavandi Barmabhoj and sacrificed to Mahakala.[3] To avenge Turkan, Makhdum and his companions defeated the Raja and subsequently established a khanqah in Rampur Boalia (modern-day Rajshahi City). Makhdum then sent his companions to the adjoining areas to set up khanqahs and preach for Islam. Bagha was later renamed to Makhdumnagar in his honour. Some of his companions here included Syed Shah Abbas, Syed Dilal Bukhari, Shah Sultan, Shah Karam Ali and Nusrat Shah.[4] Shah Makhdum spent the rest of his life propagating in Rajshahi.

Death

It is unknown how, but Makhdum died on 27 Rajab and was buried at Dargah Para in Rampur Boalia.[5] Although some sources mention the year corresponding to 1313 CE others suggest he died in 1592 CE at the age of 117. During the Mughal period, Ali Quli Beg, a Twelver Shia and servant of Abbas the Great, constructed a square-shaped one-domed mazar (mausoleum) above the grave.[6] Devotees commemorate Makhdum's death every year with an urs on 27 Rajab at the Dargah premise. The Mutawalli (guardian) of the shrine in 1877 stated that the shrine estate was made rent-free as a gift by Mughal emperor Humayun.[7]

In 1904, the ninth Mutawalli of the estate, Ghulam Akbar, made a statement at the Rajshahi District Court mentioning that although the estate was established in 1634, Shah Makhdum Rupos was alive 450 years before that (thus placing him in the 12th century in 1184 AD). Shah Nur was the first Mutawalli of the shrine.[6]

Eponyms

References
  1. "ZIA made Shahjalal International Airport". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). 16 Feb 2010.
  2. Abdul Karim (historian) (2012). "Shah Makhdum Rupos (R)". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  3. Bhuiyan, Mosharraf Hussain (2012). "Shah Turkan Shahid (R)". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  4. Teaching and Research in Philosophy: Asia and the Pacific. UNESCO. 1986. p. 55.
  5. Abdullah Al Masud; Md Faruk Abdullah; Md Ruhul Amin (Dec 2017). "History of Sufism in Bangladesh". The Contributions of Sufism in Promoting Religious Harmony in Bangladesh (Thesis).
  6. Ismail, Muhammad (Jan 2010). "Makhdum Shah". Hagiology of Sufi saints and the spread of Islam in South Asia. Jnanada Prakashan. p. 26.
  7. Hanif, N (2000). "Makhdum Shah Rajshahi (d.1592A.D.)". Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia. Sarup & Sons. p. 200.
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