Sir Edward de Courtenay

Sir Edward Courtenay (c.1385 – c. August 1418) was the eldest son of Edward de Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon (d. 5 December 1419). He fought at Agincourt, and was killed in a sea battle in Henry V's continuing campaigns in Normandy.

Sir Edward Courtenay
Battle of Agincourt, 15th century miniature
Bornc. 1385
Diedc. August 1418
Noble familyCourtenay
Spouse(s)Eleanor Mortimer
FatherEdward de Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon
MotherMaud Camoys

Family

Born about 1385,[1] Sir Edward Courtenay was the eldest son and heir of Edward Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon (d. 5 December 1419), and Maud Camoys, the daughter of Sir John de Camoys[2] of Gressenhall, Norfolk by his second wife, Elizabeth le Latimer, the daughter of William le Latimer, 3rd Lord Latimer.[3] Courtenay had two younger brothers, Hugh Courtenay, 12th Earl of Devon, and James Courtenay, and a sister, Elizabeth Courtenay, who had issue by her first marriage to John Harington, 4th Baron Harington (d. 11 February 1418), and no issue by her second marriage to William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (d. 18 February 1461).[4]

Before 20 November 1409 Courtenay married Eleanor Mortimer, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland.[5] Courtenay's sister-in-law, Anne Mortimer, was born at New Forest, Westmeath, one of the Mortimer estates in Ireland,[6] and it is likely Eleanor Mortimer was born there as well. Besides her sister, Anne, Eleanor Mortimer had two brothers, Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, and Roger (born 23 April 1393, died c.1413).[7]

Eleanor Mortimer's mother was the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, and Alice Arundel, the daughter of Richard de Arundel, 10th Earl of Arundel, and his second wife, Eleanor, daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, grandson of King Henry III.[8]

Eleanor Mortimer was thus a descendant of Henry III through her mother, and more importantly, a descendant of King Edward III through her grandparents, Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Philippa Plantagenet, daughter of King Edward III's second surviving son, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence.[9] Because King Richard II had no issue, Eleanor's father, Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, was heir presumptive during his lifetime, and at his death in Ireland on 20 July 1398 his claim to the crown passed to his eldest son, Edmund.

On 30 September 1399, the fortunes of Eleanor Mortimer and her brothers and sister changed entirely. Richard II was deposed by the Lancastrians led by Henry Bolingbroke, who became King Henry IV and had his own son, the future King Henry V, recognized as heir apparent at his first Parliament. Eleanor's brothers, Edmund and Roger, were kept in custody by the new King at Windsor and Berkhampstead castles, but were treated honourably, and for part of the time brought up with the King's own children, John and Philippa.[10][11]

According to Griffiths, Eleanor and her sister, Anne, who were in the care of their mother until her death in 1405, were not well treated by Henry IV, and were described as 'destitute' after her death.[12]

Career

Although his family had risen to the heights of power as advisers to King Richard II, after Richard's deposition in 1399 Courtenay threw in his lot with the new King, Henry IV, and was knighted on 13 October 1399 at the King's coronation in Westminster Abbey. However his future with the new Lancastrian monarchy was rendered uncertain because of his affinity with the Mortimers.

At Henry IV's death Courtenay was appointed Warden of the King's Forests in Devon and Cornwall,[13] and was summoned by the new King, Henry V, to attend Parliament.

In 1415 he was required to answer charges that he was in league with his brother-in-law, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, in the Southampton Plot to assassinate Henry V as the army awaited embarkation for the invasion of France at Southampton. Implicated by kinship, Courtenay came clean and pledged allegiance by joining the army. He was appointed to the commission which tried the conspirators and condemned them to death.

Henry V's campaign in France began with sea battles along the Normandy coast, and Courtenay attacked the entrance to the Seine. Joining the King for the march eastwards across northern France, he fought in the King's guard at Agincourt.

He was appointed Keeper of the New Forest[14] on 20 November 1415. Henry V's continuing campaigns in France required reliable sea captains, and Courtenay was appointed Admiral of the Fleet[15] briefly from May to August 1418. He was killed during a particularly vicious sea fight. Courtenay died in August 1418 or shortly thereafter. He left no issue.

Footnotes
  1. Cokayne dates his birth to 1388.
  2. Cokayne misidentifies her as the daughter of Thomas, Lord Camoys.
  3. Richardson I 2011, pp. 397–8, 546–7.
  4. Richardson I 2011, pp. 255–6, 546; Richardson II 2011, p. 352.
  5. Richardson I 2011, p. 547.
  6. Keenan 2010, p. 509.
  7. Cokayne 1932, p. 450; Richardson III 2011, p. 195; Pugh 1988, p. 61.
  8. Richardson III 2011, p. 195; Richardson II 2011, pp. 496–8.
  9. Richardson III 2011, pp. 193–5;
  10. Tout 1894, pp. 123–5
  11. Pugh 1988, pp. 77–8.
  12. Griffiths 2004.
  13. Richardson I 2011, p. 547.
  14. Richardson III 2011, p. 197.
  15. Richardson III 2011, p. 197.

References
  • Cokayne, George Edward (1912). The Complete Peerage, edited by Vicary Gibbs. II. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 493–5.
  • Cokayne, George Edward (1916). The Complete Peerage, edited by Vicary Gibbs. IV. London: St. Catherine Press.
  • Cokayne, George Edward (1932). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. VIII. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 445–53.
  • Griffiths, R.A. (2004). Mortimer, Edmund (V), fifth earl of March and seventh earl of Ulster (1301–1425). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 2 October 2012.(subscription required)
  • Harriss, G.L. (2004). Richard , earl of Cambridge (1385–1415). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
  • Keenan, Desmond (2010). Ireland 1170–1509, Society and History. pp. 509–10.
  • Mortimer, Ian (2010). 1415; Henry V's year of Glory. London.
  • Pugh, T.B. (1988). Henry V and the Southampton Plot of 1415. Alan Sutton.
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966373
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966381
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 144996639X
  • Tout, Thomas Frederick (1894). "Mortimer, Edmund de (1391-1425)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  • For the Cambridge conspiracy in The History of Sir John Oldcastle, see
  • See the entry for Sir Edward Courtenay in The Peerage.com at
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