Six Codes

Six Codes (六法), refers to the six main legal codes that make up the main body of law in Japan, South Korea, and the Republic of China (Taiwan);[1] the latter two being former colonies of Japan. Sometimes, the term is also used to describe the six major areas of law. Furthermore, it may refer to all or part of a collection of statutes.

 Japan South Korea Taiwan
1 Constitution (1946)
日本国憲法
Nippon-koku-kenpō		 Constitution (1948)
대한민국 헌법
大韓民國憲法
Daehan-minguk Heon-beop		 Constitution (1946)
中華民國憲法
Zhōnghuá Mínguó Xiànfǎ (Mandarin)
Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat (Taiwanese)
Chûng-fà Mìn-koet Hién-fap (Hakka)
2 Civil Code (1896)
民法
Minpō		 Civil Code (1958)
민법
民法
Min-beop		 Civil Code (1929)
民法
Mínfǎ (Mandarin)
Bîn-hoat (Taiwanese)
Mìn-fap (Hakka)
3 Code of Civil Procedure (1996)
民事訴訟法
Minji-soshō-hō		 Code of Civil Procedure (1960)
민사소송법
民事訴訟法
Minsa-sosong-beop		 Code of Civil Procedure (1930)
民事訴訟法
Mínshìsùsòngfǎ (Mandarin)
Bîn-sū Sò͘-siōng-hoat (Taiwanese)
Mìn-sṳ Su-siung-fap (Hakka)
4 Criminal Code (1907)
刑法
Keihō		 Criminal Code (1953)
형법
刑法
Hyeong-beop		 Criminal Code (1935)
刑法
Xíngfǎ (Mandarin)
Hêng-hoat (Taiwanese)
Hìn-fap (Hakka)
5 Code of Criminal Procedure (1948)
刑事訴訟法
Keiji-soshō-hō		 Code of Criminal Procedure (1954)
형사소송법
刑事訴訟法
Hyeongsa-sosong-beop		 Code of Criminal Procedure (1928)
刑事訴訟法
Xíngshìsùsòngfǎ (Mandarin)
Hêng-sū Sò͘-siōng-hoat (Taiwanese)
Hìn-sṳ Su-siung-fap (Hakka)
6 Commercial Code (1899)
商法
Shōhō		 Commercial Code (1962)
상법
商法
Sang-beop		 Administrative laws
行政法規
Xíngzhèngfǎguī (Mandarin)
Hêng-chèng Hoat-kui (Taiwanese)
Hàng-chṳn Fap-kûi (Hakka)
Six Codes
Chinese name
Chinese六法
Korean name
Hangul육법
Hanja六法
Japanese name
Kanji六法
Kanaろっぽう

The word roppō is a slightly adapted form of the word used in Japanese to describe the Napoleonic Code (ナポレオン五法典 Napoleon go-hōten) when it was brought over during the early Meiji period.[2] Although, French Emperor Napoleon enacted five major codes, which were, in Japanese, altogether metonymically referred to as "the Napoleonic Code" (the official name of the Civil Code, the first and most prominent one), the Japanese added to this their own constitution to form six codes in all, and thus it came to be called the roppō or "six codes."[2]

Legislation in Japan tends to be terse. The statutory volume Roppō Zensho (literally: Book of Six Codes), similar in size to a large dictionary, contains all six codes as well as many other statutes enacted by the Diet.

The Six Codes were introduced to China in 1905 after the reform and modernization of the Chinese legal system led by Cixi. Such reform was based on the similar laws adopted in Germany, France, and Japan. After the establishment of Nationalist Government, the Complete Book of Six Codes was passed on October 3 1928.[3] The Chinese Communist Party abolished the practices of Six Codes on the land of Communist control in February 1949.[4]

As a result of Japanese colonial rule and the Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan, the legal system in Taiwan is strongly influenced by Japan and China.[5][6][7][8] As a result, the terms Six Codes and Book of Six Codes are also widely used in Taiwan.

See also
Japan South Korea Republic of China
  1. Ministry of Justice, ROC(Taiwan)
  2. The Laws and Regulations Database of the ROC(Taiwan)
  3. The Complete Six Codes of Japan ＲＯＮの六法全書 onLINE(in Japanese)

References
  1. Ministry of Justice, R.O.C. (Taiwan)
  2. Masaji Chiba “Japan” edited by Poh-Ling Tan, “Asian Legal Systems” Butterworths, London, 1997.
  3. Gilpatrick, Meredith P (1950). "The Status of Law and Lawmaking Procedure Under the Kuomintang 1925-46" (PDF). The Far Eastern Quarterly 10. 10 (1): 38–55. doi:10.2307/2049651. JSTOR 2049651.
  4. "中共中央关于废除国民党的六法全书与确定解放区的司法原则的指示".
  5. Tay-sheng Wang, Legal Reform in Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945: The Reception of Western Law (2014).
  6. Chang-Fa Lo, The Legal Culture and System of Taiwan (2006).
  7. 張文貞 (2016). "超越繼受、立足臺灣、邁向國際的法學研究前景" [Prospects for Legal Research that Surpass Succession, is Based in Taiwan, and Moves Internationally]. 科技部104年傑出研究獎. 科技部 人文及社會科學研究發展司..
  8. 王泰升, 概述台灣法的歷史,思想與法學 [An Overview of Taiwan’s Legal History, Thought, and Study], 290 台灣法學雜誌 13 (2016).
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