Smart Nation

Smart Nation is a Singapore Government initiative to harness infocomm technologies, networks and big data to create tech-enabled solutions.[1][2]

Overview

Singapore's Smart Nation initiative was launched by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong on 24 November 2014.[3] In financial year 2017, the government set aside $2.4 billion to support the initiative,[4] which involves the government purchasing services from technology startups rather than offering grants to support them.[5]

To support development, open data is made available at government portals such as Data.gov.sg.[6]

Some areas of focus include enhancing public transport networks, enabling successful aging and ensuring a secure but open data marketplace. The Smart Nation Sensor Platform (SNSP) tracks and analyses data related to housing, amenities and public infrastructure. Former civil servant Peter Ong explained that this “encompasses hardware like lamp-posts and public cameras, as well as software that enables sensor data exchange and data and video analytics”. An interconnected network of 110,000 lamp posts with wireless sensors will collate data that will be used for urban and operational planning, maintenance and incident response.[7]

The Smart Nation and Digital Government Group (SNDGO) and Government Technology Agency (GovTech) under the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) lead the development of a National Digital Identity framework for online transactions between citizens and businesses, building on the current SingPass system.[8]

Recognition

Singapore emerged top in the 2017 Global Smart City Performance Index by Juniper Research and Intel. The ranking is based on the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and connected services, and which the nation came out tops in all four of the key areas measured - mobility, healthcare, public safety and productivity.[9][10]

Ministerial committee

The initiative is coordinated by the SNDGO and supported by other government agencies. GovTech is also placed under the PMO as the implementing agency of SNDGO. Collectively, the SNDGO and GovTech form the Smart Nation and Digital Government Group (SNDGG).

The SNDGG is overseen by a Ministerial Committee chaired by Senior Minister (SM) Teo Chee Hean. The other members of the Ministerial Committee are Dr Vivian Balakrishnan, Minister-in-charge of the Smart Nation initiative; Minister Chan Chun Sing; Minister S. Iswaran, Minister for Communications and Information; and Senior Minister of State Janil Puthucheary, who is the Minister-in-charge of GovTech and who will also coordinate GovTech's strategy with Info-communications Media Development Authority's (IMDA) industry development efforts.[11][12]

Smart Nation Initiative

As part of the Smart Nation initiative, the Government of Singapore has been introducing cashless payments on a large scale. Various efforts have been made to incorporate the use of cashless payment into citizens' lives.

Land Transport Authority Initiative

In March 2017, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) began an account-based ticketing pilot that allowed Mastercard users to use their debit and credit cards to pay for public transportation.[13] In August, the LTA and TransitLink announced plans to have a fully cashless public transport system by 2020.[13][14] Beginning in September 2017, cash top up services were removed from MRT stations,[14] and they were fully phased out by March 2018.[15] In April 2019, commuters could begin using Mastercard contactless bank cards to pay for their fares and this payment method was extended to Visa cardholders in May.[16]

Cashless system at hawker centres

During the National Day Rally speech in 2017, plans for a unified cashless payment system in Singapore were unveiled, especially in regard to payments at hawker centres.[17] DBS Bank, OCBC Bank and United Overseas Bank, which jointly own the existing electronic transaction system NETS, had collaborated with other banks such as HSBC, Maybank, Standard Chartered Bank and Citibank to unify the cashless system in Singapore. Consumer from all seven banks will be able to use Nets' QR code system to make payments at hawker stalls. More than 600 stalls had implemented the system in 2017.[18]

As a subsidiary of Land Transport Authority, contactless transport payment card operator EZ-Link has also partnered up with NETS to introduce e-payment methods in local hawker centres.[19] Starting from April 2018, payment at hawker centres can be carried out using EZ-Link or Nets card using a single Nets terminal.[20]

There were mixed responses from the food vendors. Several stall owners expressed their opinions on the efficiency of the system, stating that sometimes the cashless electronic transactions do not go through, causing delays in the queue of the business.[21] Others mentioned that the new system can prevent hygiene issues, which might occur when cash is involved.[22]

Surveillance concerns and issues
See also: Surveillance issues in smart cities

With the gradual implementation of the Smart Nation initiatives, there are new concerns raised by security experts that the ubiquitous surveillance, with the proposed "Lamppost-as-a-Platform" (LaaP) with extensive facial recognition technology, could undermine individual privacy.[23] There were also concerns that the expectation of mass surveillance by the government could also result in "self-surveillance, self-monitoring, self-censorship", and a general aversion to "improvise, innovate and take risks".[24]

The government responded by stating that the Public Sector (Governance) Act passed in January 2018 clarifies when data sharing is allowed across government agencies, as well as which agency is responsible for the request and sharing of data. Public servants' data access rights is given based on security clearance and authorisation. The Act also criminalises the sharing of personal data without authorisation and the using of data for self-benefit or for the re-identification of anonymised data without authorisation.[25] The government also stated that it has no plans to use the surveillance methods for the purposes of social credit scoring or moral policing.[26]

Cybersecurity

The failure of the government in securing data in recent years, such as in the SingHealth data breach in July 2018, is causing critics to push for a rethink of the Smart Nation drive.[27]

Further reading
  • Big Data and Internet of Things are the Keys to Singapore's Smart Nation Dream[28]
  • Singapore is Part of the Digital Silk Road, a Test Bed for the World: Vivian Balakrishnan[29]
  • Singapore Studies to get Smarter[30]
  • Singapore Prime Minister Posts His Own Puzzle-Solving Computer Code[31]
  • 4 Smart Cities That Put People First[32]
  • 5 Amazing Healthcare Innovations coming out of Singapore[33]
  • Smart Nation Not About Technology But Boosting Quality of Life: Vivian Balakrishnan[34]

References
  1. "National Digital Identity system to be cornerstone of Singapore's Smart Nation vision". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 2017-08-25. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
  2. "Vision of a smart nation is to make life better: PM Lee". The Straits Times. 25 November 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  3. Singapore, Prime Minister‘s Office. "PM Lee Hsien Loong at launch of Smart Nation, 24 November". www.pmo.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 2016-03-18. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  4. "Government to Partner Industry to Spark Innovation and Build Capabilities in a Smart Nation". www.tech.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 2017-08-25. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
  5. "Singapore Is Seeking Business With Startups to Spur Them". Bloomberg.com. 2017-08-22. Archived from the original on 2017-08-25. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
  6. "Salesforce opens AI research outfit in Singapore". ComputerWeekly.com. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
  7. "Commentary: Singapore's Smart Nation vision blurry without a success story". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 2017-08-25. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
  8. Kwang, Kevin (2017-08-20). "National Digital Identity system to be cornerstone of Singapore's Smart Nation vision". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 2017-08-25. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
  9. "Singapore pips London, NY to top global smart city ranking". The Straits Times. March 14, 2018. Archived from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  10. "Singapore tops charts again – this time for best performing global smart city". Business Insider. March 13, 2018. Archived from the original on May 19, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  11. "New Smart Nation and Digital Government Office to be formed on May 1". Channel NewsAsia. 2017-03-20. Archived from the original on 2017-08-25. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
  12. "Smart Nation and Digital Government Group". Retrieved 2019-02-23.
  13. Lim, Adrian (2017-08-11). "Public transport system to go fully cashless by 2020". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  14. Ong, Yunita (11 August 2017). "Singapore aims for fully cashless transport system by 2020: LTA". ChannelNewsAsia. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  15. Ting, Choo Yun (2019-05-19). "Fully cashless public transport system may not be implemented by 2020". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  16. Huiwen, Ng (2019-05-16). "Visa contactless cards can be used to pay train, bus fares from June 6". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  17. "National Day Rally 2017". 10 April 2018. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  18. Ong, Yunita (21 November 2017). "Nets QR code to roll out to 120 hawker centres by 2018". thenewpaper. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  19. Tham, Irene (25 January 2018). "Ez way to pay for food at hwaker centres". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  20. "Towards a Smart Cashless Society with Contactless Pay". 2 March 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  21. Phua, Rachel (14 March 2017). "Mixed response to cashless payment options at hawker centres". ChannelNewsAsia. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  22. Phua, Rachel (14 March 2017). "Mixed response to cashless payment options at hawker centres". ChannelNewsAsia. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  23. Aravindan, Aradhana (13 April 2018). "Singapore to test facial recognition on lampposts, stoking privacy..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  24. Kuah, Adrian W. J. (24 April 2018). "Living in the gaze of the Smart Nation and its sensor-enabled lamp posts". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  25. "Parliament: New laws on data sharing between public sector agencies". The Straits Times. 8 January 2018. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  26. "Govt takes data security, personal privacy seriously". The Straits Times. 17 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  27. "Smart Nation agenda needs rethink on cybersecurity". 24 July 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-07-24. Retrieved 2018-07-25.
  28. "Big Data And Internet Of Things Are The Keys To Singapore's 'Smart Nation' Dream". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  29. "MIS-Asia - Singapore is part of the digital Silk Road, a test bed for the world: Vivian Balakrishnan". www.mis-asia.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  30. "Singapore studies to get smarter". CNBC. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  31. Purnell, Newley (2015-05-05). "Singapore Prime Minister Posts His Own Puzzle-Solving Computer Code". WSJ Blogs - Digits. Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  32. "4 Smart Cities That Put People First". WIRED. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  33. UTC, Singapore Tourism Board2015-11-02 10:37:10. "5 amazing healthcare innovations coming out of Singapore". Mashable. Archived from the original on 2016-03-22. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  34. "Smart Nation not about technology but boosting quality of life: Vivian Balakrishnan". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
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