Sophie Wyss

Sophie Adele Wyss (5 July 1897[1] – 25 December 1983[2]) was a Swiss soprano who made her career as a concert singer and broadcaster in the UK. She was noted for her performances of French works, many of them new to Britain, for giving the world premieres of Benjamin Britten's orchestral song cycles Our Hunting Fathers (1936) and Les Illuminations (1940), and for encouraging other composers to set English and French texts. Among those who wrote for her were Lennox Berkeley, Arnold Cooke, Roberto Gerhard, Elizabeth Maconchy, Peter Racine Fricker, Alan Rawsthorne and Mátyás Seiber.

Wyss c. 1920s

Life and career

Wyss was born to a musical family in La Neuveville, Canton of Bern, Switzerland.[3] Her two sisters, Emilie Perret-Wyss and Colette Feschotte-Wyss, were also singers, and the three sometimes performed together.[4] She studied at the Geneva Conservatoire and the Basle Music Academy. In 1925 she married a British army officer, Captain Arnold Gyde, who after retirement from the armed forces became a publisher in London.[3] He also became the treasurer of the Committee for the Promotion of New Music,[4] founded in 1943.[5]

Making her home in England, Wyss embarked on a career as a soloist.[3] At first she failed to impress the critics. After an early recital in London in 1927, The Times said, "Miss Wyss has some pleasant notes in her voice, but the tone was tight in the upper range. A pronounced wobble, which appeared now and then, and a tendency to go out of tune showed that she has not yet gained sufficient control over her voice."[6] By the 1930s her notices had improved from reserved to enthusiastic. The Times said that Wyss "possesses a soprano voice of an exquisitely yielding quality … a singer so completely satisfying that we would not trust ourselves to say how much of the pleasure we derived from her performances was due to her or the music itself."[7]

In 1936, together with Adolph Hallis, Benjamin Britten, Alan Rawsthorne and Christian Darnton, Wyss was a founder of the Hallis Concert Society, which gave a number of innovative concerts in London in the period 1936–1939. These included British premieres of both contemporary and historical British and European music, including works of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, François Couperin, Alban Berg, Paul Hindemith, Elisabeth Lutyens and Elizabeth Maconchy.[8]

Wyss encouraged British composers to set French texts for her to perform.[3] The most famous work that resulted from this was Britten's Les Illuminations to words by Rimbaud, which Wyss premiered in London in 1940 with Boyd Neel and his orchestra.[9][n 1] Wyss was equally at home with English texts, such as those in Britten's Our Hunting Fathers (1936)[3] and On This Island (1937).[13] Britten dedicated Vol. 2 of his Folk Song Arrangements (1942) to Wyss and Gyde's two sons, Arnold and Humphrey.[14] Britten was also Humphrey's godfather.[15] [n 2] She gave the first performance of his 8 French Folksongs, in a 1942 National Gallery recital with Gerald Moore, and she and Britten later recorded five of these songs.[17] However, by 1942, Britten's knowledge of voice and vocal technique had greatly increased, and he preferred Peter Pears's interpretation of Les Illuminations to Wyss's performance, which he described to a close friend as "hopelessly inefficient, subjective & (of all things) so coy & whimsey!!!"[18] Though Wyss was keen to resume her professional relationship with Britten, he was no longer interested but confessed to Pears that he was "too fond of her to be rude, & not interested enough to be critical".[19][n 3]

As a near neighbour of Gerald Finzi's, from 1941 Wyss performed in several of his concerts involving the Newbury String Players, singing the Aria from Finzi's Dies Natalis as well as works by William Byrd, Henry Purcell, George Frideric Handel, Ivor Gurney, and Ralph Vaughan Williams.[21] Wyss gave many first performances of works in French or English by composers including Lennox Berkeley,[22] Arnold Cooke, Roberto Gerhard, Elizabeth Maconchy, Peter Racine Fricker, Alan Rawsthorne, George Enescu, Antony Hopkins[23] and Mátyás Seiber.[3][4] She was also a leading exponent in the UK of songs by Gabriel Fauré, Claude Debussy, Reynaldo Hahn, Maurice Ravel and other French composers.[4] During a career that lasted until the early 1960s Wyss broadcast extensively for the BBC, and made concert tours in continental Europe and Australia.[3] She died in Bognor Regis on the south coast of England at the age of 86. In an obituary notice, The Times concluded, "Her contribution to British musical life was something special and will be hard to replace".[3]

Recordings

Wyss recorded for Decca Records from 1941 to 1946. The works she sang included some by English composers: Bliss's "The Hare" and "The Buckle" from his Three Romantic Songs; Britten's sets Two French Folk Songs and Three French Folk Songs, and Rawsthorne's Three French Nursery Songs. From the French repertoire she recorded Chabrier's "Villanelle des petits canards" and "Les cigales"; Debussy's "L'échelonnement des haies"; Duparc's "Chanson triste"; Fauré's La bonne chanson, "Aurore" (Op. 39/1), "Les roses d'Ispahan" (Op. 39/4) and "Les berceaux" (Op. 23/1); and Ravel's "Nicolette". Her accompanists included Britten and Kathleen Long.[24] In 2012 Symposium Records released recordings made by Wyss in the 1950s. They were: Louis Durey's Images à Crusoé; George Enescu's Sept chansons de Clément Marot; Arthur Honegger's Six poésies de Jean Cocteau; Frank Martin's Trois Chants de Noël; and Jules Massenet's Poème d'Avril.[4]

Notes, references and sources

Notes

  1. In April 1939 Wyss had premiered the only two songs then composed for the cycle, "Marine" and "Being Beauteous".[10] She repeated them with the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sir Henry Wood at a promenade concert in August of that year.[11] In later years Britten insisted that the cycle should be sung by a tenor, though this was almost certainly due to the influence of Pears.[12]
  2. The boy's godmother was the UK-based Australian novelist Henry Handel Richardson.[16]
  3. Towards the end of her life, Wyss claimed that the final rift between herself and Britten was due to her husband, Arnold Gyde, taking offence that Britten preferred Pears singing Les illuminations. Although Wyss would have preferred to remain friends, her husband "could not forgive the slight" he believed Britten had committed.[20]

References

  1. Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed., 1954, Vol IX, p. 377
  2. "Deaths". The Times. London, England. 29 December 1983. p. 18. GYDE.-On Dec 25th, 1983 peacefully at Bognor Regis aged 86, Sophie Adele Gyde (née Sophie Wyss), widow of Captain Arnold Gynde [sic] and mother of Arnold and Humphrey.
  3. "Sophie Wyss", The Times, 2 January 1986, p. 10
  4. Gyde, Humphrey. Liner notes to Symposium Records CD 1409, retrieved 9 June 2014
  5. Payne, Anthony. "Society for the Promotion of New Music", Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 15 June 2014. (subscription required)
  6. "Miss Sophie Wyss", The Times, 17 December 1927, p. 10
  7. "Recitals of the Week", The Times, 22 March 1935, p. 14
  8. Plant (n.d.) Details of the programmes of these concerts are given at the Concert Programmes: Darnton collection site of the Arts and Humanities Research Council (accessed 10 June 2014).
  9. "Contemporary Music Centre", The Times, 31 January 1940, p. 11
  10. Matthews, p. 50
  11. Proms archive 1939 BBC, retrieved 15 June 2014
  12. Matthews, p. 57
  13. Kildea, p. 136
  14. John Bridcut. The Faber Pocket Guide to Britten, p. 122.
  15. Britten. Letters from a Life Vol. 1: 1923–39. Diary, 19 September 1936: p. 443
  16. The Argus, 20 July 1948. Noted Swiss singer has brought old songs with "a new look", retrieved 9 June 2014
  17. John Bridcut. The Faber Pocket Guide to Britten, p. 395.
  18. Britten. Letters from a Life Vol 2: 1939–45. Letter 397, 30 September 1942: p. 1089
  19. Britten. Letters from a Life Vol 2: 1939–45. Letter 392, 25 September 1942: p. 1080
  20. Britten, Beth (2013). My Brother Benjamin. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 9780571299959.
  21. McVeagh, Diana. Gerald Finzi: His Life and Music. Boydell Press, 2005: pp. 120, 123, 128 & 131.
  22. Boosey & Hawkes, retrieved 9 June 2014
  23. British Classical Music: The Land of Lost Content, Thursday 9 Aug 2012, Antony Hopkins: Portrait of a Composer CD1..., retrieved 9 June 2014
  24. Stuart, Philip. Decca Classical 1929–2009 retrieved 15 June 2014.

Sources

  • Britten, Benjamin; Donald Mitchell (ed) (1991). Letters From a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume 1, 1923–39. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 057115221X.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  • Britten, Benjamin; Donald Mitchell (ed) (1991). Letters From a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume 2, 1939–45. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0571160581.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  • Kildea, Paul (2013). Benjamin Britten: A Life in the Twentieth Century. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 9781846142338.
  • Matthews, David (2013). Britten. London: Haus Publishing. ISBN 978-1908323385.
  • Plant, Andrew, (n.d.). "Darnton, (Philip) Christian",in Oxford Music Online (subscription required), accessed 18 June 2014.
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