Spatharokandidatos

Spatharokandidatos (Greek: σπαθαροκανδιδᾶτος), Latinized as spatharocandidatus, was a mid-ranking Byzantine court dignity used in the 7th–11th centuries.

Seal of Niketas, spatharokandidatos and chartoularios of the Cibyrrhaeots (10th/11th century)

History

The title was created as a portmanteau of the titles spatharios and kandidatos, both of which were types of palace guards in the 4th–6th centuries.[1] The earliest references to the title occur in the History of Sebeos and in a letter by Pope Gregory II to Emperor Leo III the Isaurian (r. 717–741). John B. Bury accepted a creation in the early 7th century, but the title is clearly attested only from the early 9th century on.[1][2] In the 9th-century lists of precedence (Taktika), the dignity ranks below that of dishypatos and above that of spatharios among the dignities intended for "bearded men" (i.e. non-eunuchs). Its distinctive insigne (brabeion) was a golden chain (maniakion) worn around the chest.[1][3]

The dignity was not given to eunuchs, for whom the corresponding dignity was that of spatharokoubikoularios.[4] Judging from sigillographic evidence, the dignity was associated mostly with mid-level ranks, such as notarioi and lower judges.[1] In the lists of offices known as the Taktika, the dignity corresponds to specific positions in the lower tier of the senior civil and military hierarchy, such as those of asekretis (senior secretary), kleisourarches (commander of a frontier district), topoteretes of a tagma or tourmarches of a thema (divisional commanders).[5] The last attested mention of the title is in 1094, and it was dropped from use at the latest in the 12th century.[1]

References
  1. Kazhdan 1991, p. 1936.
  2. Bury 1911, p. 26.
  3. Bury 1911, pp. 22, 134.
  4. Bury 1911, p. 150.
  5. Bury 1911, pp. 150–151.

Sources
  • Bury, J. B. (1911). The Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century - With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 1046639111.
  • Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). "Spatharokandidatos". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1936. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
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