St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore

St. Mark's Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Mark the Evangelist, is the cathedral (Ecclesia Matar) of the Diocese of Central Karnataka of the Church of South India. The cathedral church, noted for its English Baroque architecture inspired by the 17th century St Paul's Cathedral, is located at the west end of Mahatma Gandhi Road, MacIver Town, Bangalore.

For other uses, see Saint Mark's Cathedral (disambiguation).

St Mark's Cathedral
Saint Mark's Cathedral
St. Marks Cathedral, Bangalore
LocationBangalore
CountryIndia
DenominationChurch of South India
TraditionAnglicanism
Websitewww.saintmarks.in
History
Consecrated1816
Architecture
StyleEnglish Baroque
Years built1808-1812
Groundbreaking1808
Completed1812
Administration
DioceseKarnataka Central Diocese

Founded in 1808, the cathedral celebrated its 200 years bicentenary in 2007-8.[1][2][3] The cathedral is open for all people irrespective of religion or faith.[4]

History

The foundation stone was laid in 1808, and construction was completed in 1812.[5] The church was consecrated by the Bishop of Calcutta in 1816.[1] The church was expanded in 1901, and went through reconstruction in 1927.[2] The church had its beginnings as a garrison Anglican church. It became part of the Church of South India after Indian independence in 1947, going on to be the Cathedral of the Karnataka Central Diocese in 1961.[6]

When it began as a garrison church in 1808 of the Madras Army of the East India Company, it had a seating capacity of 400. As a result of the number of members growing to 2000, a new building was constructed in August 1902, with a seating capacity of 700. However, this new church building collapsed, and had to be rebuilt again in 1906. On 17 February 1923, the church building was ravaged by fire (caused by short circuit)[3][7] and restoration had to take place. However, as the renovation works were about to be completed in February 1924, the church building again collapsed. Reconstruction of the church started in 1926 and was completed in 1927.[8]

  • 1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral - Kenneth Anderson
  • 1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral - Kenneth Anderson
  • 1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral - Kenneth Anderson

After the church was damaged in fire in 1923, the congregation temporarily worshipped at the St. Andrew's Kirk, Cubbon Road, till St. Marks's was rebuilt in 1927.[9]

The first Indian Presbyter of the cathedral was Rev H F J Daniel, who was installed as the Presbyter-in-charge in 1961.[8]

Military Heritage

The military colours of the 77th Moplah Rifles infantry Regiment, after disbandment (1907) are displayed on the west wall of St. Marks. There is also a memorial for the lives lost in the Moplah revolt. There are also memorial plaques for several British officers who lost their lives in the Bangalore Cantonment.[7]

There is also a memorial plaque for Lt.-Col Sir Walter Scott, 2nd Baronet, who died at sea in 1847, and was the nephew of Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott[10]

Architecture

The cathedral is a beautiful colonial style, modelled on the lines of the St Paul's Cathedral, London, with a dome, semi-circular chancel and roman arches. The entrance of the cathedral has elaborate wood work with ornate carvings. The ceilings and the domes are majestically done.[1] The bell is the amongst the most well maintained church bells in India. The stained glasswork adds to the beauty of the cathedral.[2][11][12]

The church measures 100 * 53 * 20 ft3, and was the only government (Government of the British Madras Presidency) church in Bangalore. The extension in 1901, was also funded by the Government of British India. The renovated church was dedicated on 26 August 1902 by Bishop Whitehead of Madras. The stained glass was created by M/s Sreenivasulu Naidu & Sons, Madras. The stained glass on the west facing window was created by the architect of St. Dunstan's Society, England and cost INR 4500[13]

The cathedral is an architectural marvel, but it is not something which happened overnight. Different architectural styles have been adopted during successive restoration and reconstruction work. As a result, the cathedral has a mixture of different architecture. Italian Marble from Genoa has been used in designing the pulpit and the font used for baby baptisms.[8] The marble pulpit was created out by M/s Snaize & Co., and Bishop Tubbs of Palayamkottai was the first to preach on the marble pulpit on 1 July 1928, delivering the sermon 'The reunion of Christendom'. The Brass lectern (eagle with spread wings on the globe) was presented by some planters of Mysore in 1903, in memory of Harry Alexander Campbell and Montague Beaden Follett of Lumsden's Horse Regiment who died in the Boer Conflicts of South Africa. The bible on the lectern was presented by Mrs. Laura Amelia Amaller.[13]

However, in the late 1800s, an Indian ecclesiastical historian, described St. Marks church building as the ugliest ever constructed.[7][14] It has seen grown into a beautiful church with some unique architectural features.[15]

Pipe Organ

The pipe organ of the St. Mark's Cathedral was installed in 1929, as a gift by Avis F Cowdrey of the Cowdrey family (father of cricketer Michael Colin Cowdrey), in memory of his parents.[8][16][17] The organ is designed by two British builders, with only the metal pipes being built in England. The other parts were made from teak, and built in Bangalore, supervised by Herbert Norman, agent of the British firm in India.[16] It fell into disrepair, and was not used for many years, till it was repaired by Swiss experts at a cost of INR 5 million. The repaired pipe organ is a major draw for the musicians, and has also inspired repair works at the St. Andrew's Kirk and St. George's Cathedral in Chennai.[6]

In order to restore the organ, the then presbyter Vincent Rajkumar had coordinated a committee of experts.[17] The organ was restored by the Orgelbau Felsberg Corporation, Switzerland, with organ builder Richard Freytah, and his colleagues Stefan Riniker and Hans Sievi. The restoration involved replacement of all the bellows, pipes, small trumpet and the blower, and converting keyboard to electric. The restoration took 4 months.[16]

School of Church Music

The St Mark's Ecumenical Centre for church Music, located at the cathedral was established in 1990, with the intention of training musicians and music enthusiasts, on church music. It is open for all people, irrespective of affiliations of religion, denomination or church. The candidates prepare for the Trinity College of Music and Royal School of Music examinations in violin, piano, music theory and singing.[8]

Mission

The cathedral has adopted several slums at Tilak Nagar, Ragigudda, Baglur Layout, Lazar layout and Lingarajpuram. The church also sends young people on study missions to Jaffna (Sri Lanka), Jharkhand and Hardwar. The church has also started a community college with a tailoring institute at the slums of Baiyyappanahalli, a senior citizen home in the city and a resource mobilization centre also in the city.[6] The church also runs a rural medical health centre at Hunsanahalli in the Kanakapura taluk.[8]

The church also invites leaders of other religious faiths to speak on the theme of peace, in its annual Festival of Peace music festival.[8]

Other Contributions

Rev. R Posnett, the assistant chaplain of St. Mark's church, was instrumental in establishing the St. John's Church, Clevaland Town, Bangalore Cantonment in the early 1850s.[18] The clergy (Rev. George Trevor[19]) of St. Marks Cathedral also helped establish the St. Paul's Church, on Old Poor House Road, Bangalore Civil and Military Station, for the Tamil speaking believers.[20] The church was built in the premises of the St. Paul's Tamil medium primary school (established in 1835, continued to function till 1900).[21] Rev. WW Lutyens, established the Holy Trinity Church in 1850, at the other end of the South Parade. The house of Rev S.T. Pettigrew, chaplain of St. Marks was used to establish the Bishop Cottons's School.[7]

Sunday Services

First day of every month-Holy Communion 7 am

Sundays

  • 7:00 am Holy Communion Services (Said)
  • 8:30 am Holy Communion Services (Sung)
  • 10:30 am Holy Communion Services (Said)
  • 6:15 pm Evensong
  • First Sunday (Holy Communion)[22]

A Tuck's Post card, published in 1930, could not be unfortunately displayed here, due to licensing issues. It can be seen at this link St. Mark's Church, Bangalore

  • St. Mark's Church, From Cubbon Park, Bangalore, by JB Mac George (1918). Statue of Queen Victoria can also be seen.
  • St. Mark's Church and Band Stand, Bangalore (1870). 'Views in Bangalore', of the Vibart Collection, by Albert Thomas
  • St. Mark's Church, Bangalore, from 'The Church in Madras, Volume II' by Rev. Frank Penny[23]
  • Interiors of St. Mark's Church, Bangalore, from 'The Church in Madras, Volume II' by Rev. Frank Penny[23]
  • St. Mark's Church, Bangalore (Heightened and Lengthened, 1912), from 'The Church in Madras, Volume II' by Rev. Frank Penny[23]
  • St Mark's Church, Bangalore (1900), by C. H. Doveton[24]
  • St. Mark's Church, Bangalore (around 1912) - Tucks Postcard[25]
  • St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore. (Old Postcard Re-print), India Post (2014)[26]

References
  1. "History of St.Marks Cathedral". St. Marks Cathedral. 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  2. "St. Marks Cathedral Bangalore". Bangalore: The Garden City. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  3. "Marking past in the present". The Hindu (Bangalore). 19 April 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  4. "St. Mark's Cathedral". Holiday IQ. 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  5. D'Souza, Frank S (25 November 2013). The Anonymous Birthright. Author House. p. 195. ISBN 978-1491884706. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  6. Raghuram, M (21 September 2007). "St. Mark's Cathedral gearing up for bicentennial bash". The Hindu (Bangalore). Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  7. David, Stephen (9 January 2009). "200 years of Bangalore's oldest Christian landmark". India Today. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  8. Patrao, Michael (21 December 2004). "Mark of a majestic cathedral". Deccan Herald (Bangalore). Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  9. "Brief Historical Sketch of the St. Andrew's Church over the Years from 1864". St. Andrew's Church. 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  10. "St. Mark's Church, Bangalore". The Tiger and the Thistle. The National Galleries of Scotland. 2000. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  11. "From the pages of history..." Deccan Herald (Bangalore). 23 December 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  12. Dutta, Ayandrali (18 December 2013). "The Glory of Churches This Christmas". Times of India (Bangalore). Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  13. St. Mark's Celebrating Grace and Truth (PDF). Bangalore: St. Mark's Cathedral. 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  14. Coughlin, Con (1 April 2013). Churchill's First War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-1743511893. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  15. Sharma, Garima (13 February 2009). "St Marks Church, Bangalore". Real Estate Television. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  16. George, Nina C (6 November 2006). "New notes from the old pipe at St Mark's". Deccan Herald (Bangalore). Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  17. Raghuram, M (8 October 2007). "80-year-old organ comes alive". The Hindu (Bangalore). Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  18. Achanta, Pushpa (29 January 2013). "Testimony to a rich past". Deccan Herald (Bangalore). Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  19. Burns, J, ed. (1840). "Colonial Church". The Church of England Magazine. London: Church Pastoral-aid Society, London. 9: 7. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  20. Rev. Dr. Russell (June 1840). "Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge". The Ecclesiastical Gazette - Monthly Register of the Affairs of the Church of England. London: Charles Cox. 1: 246. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  21. "St. Paul's church to celebrate 175 years". The Hindu (Bangalore). 1 May 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  22. "Sunday Services". St Marks Cathedral. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  23. Penny, Frank (1912). The Church in Madras : being the History of the Ecclesiastical and Missionary Action of the East India Company in the Presidency of Madras From 1805 to 1835: Volume II. London: John Murray. p. 72. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  24. Doveton, C H (1900). Picturesque Bangalore. Bombay: The Times Press. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  25. "St. Marks Church". TuckDB.org. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  26. Heritage Bangalore. India Post. 2014.
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