St James' Church, Gawsworth

St James' Church is in the village of Gawsworth, Cheshire, England, and is sited near Gawsworth Hall. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.[1] It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Macclesfield.[2] Clifton-Taylor includes it in his list of 'best' English parish churches.[3] The authors of the Buildings of England series describe the church as being "pretty, but odd".[4]

St James' Church, Gawsworth
St James' Church, Gawsworth
St James' Church, Gawsworth
Location in Cheshire
OS grid referenceSJ 890 697
LocationGawsworth, Cheshire
CountryEngland
DenominationAnglican
WebsiteSt James, Gawsworth
History
StatusParish church
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Heritage designationGrade I
Designated14 April 1967
Architectural typeChurch
StylePerpendicular
Specifications
MaterialsLimestone nave
Sandstone tower and chancel
Lead roof
Administration
ParishGawsworth
DeaneryMacclesfield
ArchdeaconryMacclesfield
DioceseChester
ProvinceYork
Clergy
RectorRt. Rev W. A. Pwaisho

History

There is a record of a chapel on the site in the 13th century but the present building dates from the 15th century.[5]

Architecture

Exterior

The church is constructed in yellow and red ashlar sandstone with stone roofs.[1] The nave is the oldest part, dating from about 1430, the tower and chancel being built some 40 years later. The church is entirely Perpendicular in style.[5] The plan of the church consists of a tower at the west end, a wide three-bay nave without aisles, a south porch and a chancel divided from the nave by a screen.[6] The tower has angular buttresses with niches which used to contain statues. It also has gargoyles, eight pinnacles, the coats of arms of Cheshire families, and Tudor badges. The porch also has niches over the doorway.[5] The nave and chancel are embattled with pinnacles.[4]

Interior

The rafter beam ceiling of the nave dates from the 15th century and the camber beam chancel ceiling, which is panelled, dates from slightly later.[7] The chancel screen is dated 1894. The octagonal 16th-century font sits on a 19th-century stem with a wooden cover.[1] At the east end of the chancel is a sanctus cot and bell. In the 19th century most of the old stained glass was removed, although fragments remain in the chancel windows.[5][8] The stained glass in the east window is by William Wailes.[4]

In the chancel are four tombs of members of the Fitton (Fytton) family. The oldest is an altar tomb to Francis Fytton dated 1608. On the top of the tomb is his recumbent bearded effigy and beneath him is a skeleton. Opposite is the monument to Dame Alice Fitton who died around 1626. In front of her seated effigy are effigies of her two sons kneeling, and behind her are figures of her two daughters, also kneeling. Adjacent is the tomb of Sir Edward Fitton, 1st baronet, and his wife Anne, who died in 1619 and 1644 respectively. In front of the tomb are the keeling figures of their three sons and seven daughters. One of the daughters was Mary, a maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth I and a candidate for the "Dark Lady" of Shakespeare's sonnets. The fourth tomb is to the memory of Sir Edward Fitton, 2nd baronet, who died in 1643, and his first wife Jane.[5]

The two-manual organ was built by Nicholson and Lord of Walsall in 1895, obscuring the southwest window. In 1917 it was enlarged by Hayter and Son of Letchworth, obscuring the west window. In 1961 the organ was rebuilt and divided by Cyril Wood of Ashton-under-Lyne to reveal the west window.[9] There is a ring of eight bells. Six of these were cast at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, one by Charles and George Mears in 1856, the other five by Mears and Stainbank in 1890. The other two bells were cast by John Taylor and Company in 1907.[10] The parish registers date from 1557.[5]

External features
Cross in churchyard

A pair of 18th-century gate piers at the entrance of the churchyard are listed Grade II. On their fronts are carvings of skull and crossbones.[11]

In the churchyard is a 15th or 16th-century cross base in sandstone ashlar. It consists of a square cross base and an octagonal shaft on a stepped plinth. A 20th-century wooden circular cross has been set on the shaft.[12]

The churchyard contains three war graves, of two British soldiers of World War I and one of World War II.[13]

See also

References
  1. Historic England, "Church of St James, Gawsworth (1139497)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 14 May 2012
  2. St James, Gawsworth, Church of England, retrieved 1 January 2011
  3. Clifton-Taylor, Alec (1974), English Parish Churches as Work of Art, London: Batsford, p. 240, ISBN 0-7134-2776-0
  4. Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew; Hubbard, Edward; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2011) [1971], Cheshire, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, pp. 366–368, ISBN 978-0-300-17043-6
  5. Richards, Raymond (1947), Old Cheshire Churches, London: Batsford, pp. 160–164, OCLC 719918
  6. Salter, Mark (1995), The Old Parish Churches of Cheshire, Malvern: Folly Publications, p. 38, ISBN 1-871731-23-2
  7. Morant, Roland W. (1989), Cheshire Churches, Birkenhead: Countyvise, p. 133, ISBN 0-907768-18-0
  8. Gawsworth, St James, Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi (stained glass), retrieved 2 January 2011
  9. Gawsworth St. James, British Institute of Organ Studies, retrieved 10 August 2008
  10. Gawsworth S James, Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers, retrieved 10 August 2007
  11. Historic England, "Gatepiers in churchyard of St James, Gawsworth (1139499)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 14 May 2012
  12. Historic England, "Cross base in churchyard of St James, Gawsworth (1139498)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 14 May 2012
  13. GAWSWORTH (ST. JAMES) CHURCHYARD, Commonwealth War Graves Commission, retrieved 25 February 2013
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