State Duma of the Russian Empire of the Fourth Convocation

State Duma of the Russian Empire of the Fourth Convocation
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party; Labour Group; Progressive Party; Constitutional Democratic Party; Nonpartisan; Polish Kolo; Muslims; Belarusian–Lithuanian Group; Union of October 17; Rightists; Nationalists; Centrists;
Overview
Legislative body	State Duma
Meeting place	Tauride Palace
Term	1912 – 1917
Election	1912 Russian legislative election
Government	Russian Empire (1912–1917); Russian Republic (1917); It was officially called simply "Russia", the republican form of government and the new name were officially announced only on September 1, 1917
Members	442 deputies
Chairman of the State Duma	Mikhail Rodzianko
Party control	Union of October 17 (98 deputies)

The State Duma of the Russian Empire of the Fourth Convocation was the representative legislative body of the Russian Empire. The Chairman of the Duma was Mikhail Rodzianko. Elected on November 15, 1912.

Elections

Sessions

The State Duma was elected for five years. The Duma worked with annual sessions, within each session, as a rule, two breaks were arranged, at Christmas and at Easter. Each time the Duma was convened and dissolved by the Highest Decrees; in addition, the Duma itself was empowered to arrange breaks in its work. With the outbreak of the First World War, the regular character of the Duma's work was disrupted.

The first session lasted from November 15, 1912 to June 25, 1913, 81 sessions of the General Meeting of the Duma took place.

The second session lasted from October 15, 1913 to June 14, 1914, 111 meetings of the General Meeting of the Duma took place.

On July 26, 1914, an extraordinary one–day session of the Duma took place, dedicated to the allocation of war loans associated with the acute political crisis that preceded the outbreak of the First World War.

The third session began on January 27, 1915; 2 days later, on January 29, immediately after the adoption of the budget, the session of the Duma was declared closed by the emperor.

The fourth session lasted from July 19 to September 3, 1915, after which the Duma was prematurely dissolved by the emperor for vacations, the session then lasted from February 9 to June 20, 1916, 60 meetings of the General Meeting of the Duma were held.

The fifth session began on November 1, 1916. On December 16, the Duma was again dissolved for the holidays. The early dissolution of the Duma turned out to be one of the events that increased the general political tension in the country before the February Revolution. It was widely believed at the time that it was expected that the government would not allow the Duma to convene after the prolonged New Year holidays and would announce its dissolution. However, on February 14, 1917, the emperor announced the continuation of the Duma. At the height of the events of the February Revolution, on February 25, the emperor again suspended the activities of the Duma. The Duma never met again for formal meetings.

On February 27, during a private meeting of members of the Duma, the Provisional Committee of the State Duma was created, which took part in the formation of the Provisional Government, and until the start of its work, that is, February 27 – March 2, it was the self–proclaimed government of Russia. On May 12 – July 19, 1917, eight more private meetings of the Duma were held, which no longer had any legal or political significance.

The Duma was officially dissolved by a decree of the Provisional Government on October 6, 1917 in connection with the appointment of elections to the All–Russian Constituent Assembly.

Composition

Executive Committee of the Fourth State Duma. Standing: Vasily Shulgin, Ivan Dmitriukov, Unspecified, Alexander Kerensky, Mikhail Karaulov; sitting: Vladimir Lvov, Vladimir Rzhevsky, Sergey Shidlovsky, Mikhail Rodzyanko

The Fourth Duma had pronounced flanks (left and right) with a very moderate center. A total of 442 deputies were elected:

Union of October 17 – 98;
Nationalists and moderate rightists – 88;
Right – 65;
Constitutional Democratic Party – 59;
Progressive Party – 48;
Centrists – 32;
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party – 14 (Mensheviks – 8, Bolsheviks – 6);
Labour Group – 10;
Non–partisan – 7.

Parties of different unions:

Polish Kolo – 9;
Muslims – 6;
Belarusian–Lithuanian–Polish Group – 6.

Chairman of the State Duma Mikhail Rodzianko.

Chairman's comrades: Prince Vladimir Volkonsky, Prince Dmitry Urusov.

Secretary Ivan Dmitriukov.

Secretary's comrades: Nikolai Antonov, Viktor Basakov, Gaisa Yenikeev, Nikolay Lvov (senior comrade), Vasily Shein.

Official documents

First session

Second session

Third session

Appendices to the Verbatim Records of the State Duma: Fourth Convocation, 1915, Third Session

Fourth session

Other

Verbatim Records of the Private Meeting of Members of the State Duma (Fourth Convocation): 12, 20, 27 May, 3, 5, 28 June, 18 and 19 July 1917

Sources

Igor Kiryanov (2009). Russian Parliamentarians of the Early 20th Century: New Politicians In a New Political Space. Perm. Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences. As a Manuscript.

External links

Members of the State Duma: Portraits and Biographies. Fourth Convocation, 1912–1917 / compiled by M. M. Boiovich – Moscow: Printing House of the Ivan Sytin Partnership, 1913
Elections to the First–Fourth State Dumas of the Russian Empire (Memoirs of Contemporaries. Materials and Documents) (PDF). Moscow. Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. Edited by Alexander Ivanchenko. 2008.
The First Year of the Life of the Fourth State Duma – Saint Petersburg: Printing House of Z. Sokolinsky, 1913

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