Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg

Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg is a foundation in Würzburg, Germany that includes the Juliusspital (hospital) and the Juliusspital winery. It was created as a hospital in 1576 by the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn.

Juliusspital
Entrance to the Juliusspital on the Juliuspromenade
Location within Bavaria
General information
LocationWürzburg
AddressJuliuspromenade 19
97070 Würzburg
CountryGermany
Coordinates49.797572°N 9.931987°E / 49.797572; 9.931987
Inaugurated1576
Website
www.juliusspital.de
Map of Juliusspital
Modern hospital wing
Alte Anatomie
Drawing after an engraving by Matthäus Merian (1648)
Arcades of the Juliusspital
Sign of the Weinstuben wine bar/restaurant
Northern Baroque wing with arcades
Inner courtyard

History

The hospital was founded by Julius Echter, Bishop of Würzburg, in 1576 on the ground of a Jewish cemetery with the endowment of the abandoned monastery of Heiligenthal.

It originally also accepted pilgrims, people suffering from epilepsy, and orphans.[1]:58

Regional influence

The end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648 left part of the village of Thüngen in the hands of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, administered by the Juliusspital. In Gräfendorf the Barons of Thüngen and the Juliusspital in Würzburg shared the lordship. The latter’s rights passed under the German Mediatisation in 1803 to Bavaria, and in 1805 to the Grand Duchy of Aschaffenburg. Also in the course of this secularization in 1803, the rights of the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg in Karsbach, and those held by the Juliusspital, passed to Bavaria, which under the terms of the Peace of Pressburg it ceded to the newly formed Grand Duchy of Würzburg.[2]

In 1898, in an article in The Examiner comparing the status of medical education in England and overseas, reported that "In Germany, the faculties are more equal. In University of Würzburg, owing to the large and rich Julius-Spital, the medical faculty is the most numerous."

Notable staff and students

In 1776 Karl Kaspar von Siebold was appointed as head physician (Oberwundarzt) of the Juliusspital. Under his leadership, new surgical techniques were introduced, a regimen of hygiene was established, and renovation of the Theatrum Anatomicum took place. In 1805 the Juliusspital reportedly had the first modern operating theater in the world. Georg Anton Schäffer studied medicine at Juliusspital's College of Medicine. He joined the Imperial Russian service as a surgeon, serving in Moscow before 1812. In 1816, Cajetan von Textor was appointed professor of surgery and Oberwundarzt in the Juliusspital. His students included Bernhard Heine (1800–1846), inventor of the osteotome. In 1863, Franz von Rinecker became director of psychiatry at the Juliusspital, and in 1872 took on additional responsibilities as director of dermatology. In 1870, Friedrich Jolly was his assistant.[3]

Buildings and architecture

Juliusspital is a Baroque hospital with a courtyard and a church originally established in 1576. However, the 160 m long northern wing was added by Antonio Petrini in 1700-4. Beneath it lies the similarly-sized wine cellar. The Rococo pharmacy survived the bombing of 1945 largely undamaged. North of the Spital is a park used by the patients, fronted to the right by the Alte Anatomie (by Joseph Greising, built in 1705-14. This was renovated in 1788 and used by the medical faculty such as Albert von Kölliker, von Siebold or Rudolf Virchow to instruct up to 48 students in surgery and anatomy. The park also features a water basin by Jacob van der Auvera with stone dolphins and allegorical figures for the Franconian rivers Main, Tauber, Saale and Sinn. It sports the coat-of-arms of Johann Philipp von Greifenclau zu Vollraths.[1]:58–9

The buildings are maintained to a high standard - they had a new pipe organ built by Orgelbau Vleugels in 2005.[4]

Today

Juliusspital continues to function as a hospital and retirement home but is particularly notable for being, at 177 hectares in the Franconian wine region, the second largest winery in Germany and the biggest individual German wine grower. Weingut Juliusspital is a member of Association of German Prädikat Wine Estates.

References
  1. Dettelbacher, Werner (1974). Franken - Kunst, Geschichte und Landschaft (German). Dumont Verlag. ISBN 3-7701-0746-2.
  2. http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000054/18780302/002/0011
  3. Tubs, Shane (2008). "Franz Kaspar Hesselbach (1759–1816): Anatomist and Surgeon". World J Surg (32): 2527–2529.
  4. http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/nexis/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=569G-XS61-DY2J-J3MK&csi=8176&oc=00240&perma=true

Bibliography
  • Oberpflegeamt der Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg (Hrsg.): Das Juliusspital Würzburg in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: Festschrift aus Anlaß der Einweihung der wiederaufgebauten Pfarrkirche des Juliusspitals am 16. Juli 1953. Würzburg: Fränkische Gesellschaftsdruckerei 1953.
  • Ludwig Weiss (Bearb.), Oberpflegeamt der Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg (Hrsg.): 400 Jahre Pfarrkirche St. Kilian im Juliusspital zu Würzburg. Würzburg 1980.
  • Johanna Bleker (Hrsg.): Kranke und Krankheiten im Juliusspital zu Würzburg 1819 – 1829: zur frühen Geschichte des allgemeinen Krankenhauses in Deutschland. In: Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften, 72. Husum: Matthiesen, 1995, ISBN 3-7868-4072-5.
  • Andreas Mettenleiter: Die Anatomenskulpturen von Johann Peter Wagner an der Fassade des juliusspitälischen Gartenpavillons in Würzburg. Würzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen, 18. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1999.
  • Robert Wagner: Wein- und Fleischzeichen des Juliusspital zu Würzburg. In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst, 25 (= 96), 1973, S. 145–149.
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