Stra8

The signaled by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) gene is activated only upon stimulation by retinoic acid and expresses a cytoplasmic protein in the gonads of male and female vertebrates.[1] This protein functions to initiate the transition between mitosis and meiosis, aiding in spermatogenesis and oogenesis. In females, its signaling begins 12.5 days after conception, is localized in the primordial germ cells of female ovaries, and ushers in the first stage of meiosis. Male expression begins postnatally and continues throughout life, matching the need of spermatogenesis compared to the limited window of oogenesis in females.[2] Sperm of mice that had induced null mutations for Stra8 gene were able to undergo mitotic divisions, and while some sperm were able to transition into the early stages of meiosis I, but could not transition into further sub-stages of meiosis I. Errors in chromosome pairing and chromosome condensation were observed following these failures.[3] In female mice, loss of Stra8 signaling shows failure to enter into meiosis.[4] Both males and females are left infertile if Stra8 signaling is absent.[2]

References
  1. Page, David C.; Pelt, Ans M. M. van; Rooij, Dirk G. de; Hassold, Terry J.; Roepers-Gajadien, Hermien L.; Baltus, Andrew E.; Anderson, Ericka L. (2008-09-30). "Stra8 and its inducer, retinoic acid, regulate meiotic initiation in both spermatogenesis and oogenesis in mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (39): 14976–14980. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807297105. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2542382. PMID 18799751.
  2. Griswold, Michael D.; Small, Christopher; Hess, Rex A.; Mitchell, Debra; Friel, Patrick; Li, Ying; Nie, Rong; Zhou, Qing (2008-07-01). "Expression of Stimulated by Retinoic Acid Gene 8 (Stra8) in Spermatogenic Cells Induced by Retinoic Acid: An In Vivo Study in Vitamin A-Sufficient Postnatal Murine Testes". Biology of Reproduction. 79 (1): 35–42. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.107.066795. ISSN 0006-3363. PMC 3208264. PMID 18322276.
  3. Ghyselinck, Norbert B.; Chambon, Pierre; Codreanu, Carmen-Alina; Vernet, Nadège; Féret, Betty; Dennefeld, Christine; Oulad-Abdelghani, Mustapha; Jacobs, Hugues; Mark, Manuel (2008-10-01). "STRA8-deficient spermatocytes initiate, but fail to complete, meiosis and undergo premature chromosome condensation". Journal of Cell Science. 121 (19): 3233–3242. doi:10.1242/jcs.035071. ISSN 0021-9533. PMID 18799790.
  4. Page, David C.; Rooij, Dirk G. de; Carpenter, Anne E.; Goodheart, Mary L.; Hu, Yueh-Chiang; Menke, Douglas B.; Baltus, Andrew E. (2006-11-19). "In germ cells of mouse embryonic ovaries, the decision to enter meiosis precedes premeiotic DNA replication". Nature Genetics. 38 (12): 1430–1434. doi:10.1038/ng1919. ISSN 1546-1718. PMID 17115059.
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