Suboesophageal ganglion

The suboesophageal ganglion (acronym: SOG; synonym: subesophageal ganglion) of arthropods and in particular insects is part of the arthropod central nervous system (CNS). As indicated by its name, it is located below the oesophagus, inside the head. As part of the ventral nerve cord, it is connected (via pairs of connections) to the brain (or supraoesophageal ganglion) and to the first thoracic ganglion (or protothoracic ganglion). Its nerves innervate the sensory organs and muscles of the mouthparts and the salivary glands. Neurons in the suboesophageal ganglion control movement of the head and neck as well. [1]

Supraesophageal ganglion(5), Subesophageal ganglion(31)

It is composed of three pairs of fused ganglia, each of which is associated with a pair of mouthparts. Therefore the fused parts are called the mandibular, maxillary and labial ganglia.

References

Altman, J. S.; Kien, J. (1979). "Suboesophageal Neurons Involved in Head Movements and Feeding in Locusts". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 205: 209–227. doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0061. Retrieved 26 August 2020.

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[1] Altman, J. S.; Kien, J. (1979). "Suboesophageal Neurons Involved in Head Movements and Feeding in Locusts". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 205: 209–227. doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0061. Retrieved 26 August 2020.