Sulfate chloride

The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO42–) and chloride (Cl–) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO3− anion.

Sulfate chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Many minerals in this family exist. Many are found associated with volcanoes and fumaroles. As minerals they are included in the Nickel-Strunz classification group 7.DG.

The book, Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals groups these in subgroup 12.2.

List
name formula ratio system space group unit cell volume density optical references
Arzrunite Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) 1:6 orthorhombic Blue Biaxial [1]
Connellite Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O 1:4 hexagonal P62c a = 15.78 c = 9.10 1,962 3.36 blue

Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.724 - 1.746 nε = 1.738 - 1.758

Birefringence: 0.026

 [2]
Potassium Zinc Sulfate Chloride K2Zn(SO4)Cl3 ? 1:3
Chlorothionite K2Cu(SO4)Cl2 1:2 orthorhombic Pnma a = 7.73 b = 6.07 c = 16.29 764 2.67 pale blue

Biaxial (+)

 [3]
Sundiusite Pb10(SO4)O8Cl2 1:2 monoclinic a = 24.67 b = 3.781 c = 11.881 β = 100.07 1091.1 Biaxial (+) nα = 2.100 nγ = 2.170

Max birefringence: δ = 0.070

 [4]
Sodium Potassium Iron Sulfate Chloride (Na,K)2Fe(SO4)Cl2 1:2
Mammothite Pb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)2 1:2 monoclinic C2 a = 18.959 b = 7.3399 c = 11.363 β = 112.428(9)° Z=2 1461.6 5.21 blue-green

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.868 nβ = 1.892 nγ = 1.928

2V:measured: 80°

Birefringence: 0.060

 [5]
Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydroxide Zn3(SO4)(Cl,OH)2 1:2 [6]
Tatarskite Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O 2:4 Orthorhombic 2.431 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.567 nβ = 1.654 nγ = 1.722

2V: 83°

 [7]
Therasiaite (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5 3:5 monoclinic a = 18.284, b = 12.073, c = 9.535 Å, β = 108.10°, and Z = 4 V = 2000.6 Å3 brown [8]
Acmonidesite (NH4,K,Pb)8NaFe2+4(SO4)5Cl8 5:8 orthorhombic a = 9.841 Å, b = 19.448 Å, c = 17.847 Å Z=4 3,415.70 Å3 [9]
'Ammonium-Kainite' NH4Mg(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1
Anhydrokainite KMg(SO4)Cl 1:1 [10]
Belousovite KZn(SO4)Cl 1:1 monoclinic P21/c a = 6.8904 b = 9.6115 c = 8.2144 β = 96.582 Z = 4 540.43 [11]
Gordaite NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O 1:1 trigonal P3 a=8.35 c=13.08 802.67 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.561 nε = 1.538

Max birefringence: δ = 0.023

 [12]
Kainite KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O 1:1 monoclinic a = 19.72 b = 16.23 c = 9.53 β = 94.92° 3,039 2.15 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.494 nβ = 1.505 nγ = 1.516

2V: measured: 90° , calculated: 88°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.022

 [13]
Spangolite Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O 1:1 trigonal P31c a = 8.24 c = 14.34 Z=2 843.2 3.14 blue-green

Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.694 nε = 1.641

Max birefringence: δ = 0.053

 [14]
Thérèsemagnanite NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O 1:1 trigonal P3 a = 8.349 c = 13.031 786.6 2.52 Uniaxial (-) ω=1.792 nε=1.786

Max birefringence: δ = 0.006

 [15][16]
Vendidaite Al2(SO4)(OH)3Cl·6H2O 1:1 monoclinic C2/c a = 11.925 b = 16.134 c = 7.4573 β = 125.815° 1163.4 1.97 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.522 nβ = 1.524 nγ = 1.527

2V: calculated: 79°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.005

 [17]
Xitieshanite Fe3+(SO4)Cl · 6H2O 1:1 monoclinic P21/a a = 14.102 b = 6.908 c = 10.673 β = 111.26° Z=4 968.97 1.99 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.536 nβ = 1.570 nγ = 1.628

2V: measured: 77° , calculated: 78°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.092

 [18]
Zn Sulfate-Hydroxide-Chloride-Hydrate Zn9(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2 · 6H2O 2:2 trigonal R3 a = 8.275 c = 32.000 Z=3 1,897.6 [19]
Gordaite-related Ca-Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydrate Ca[Zn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2](H2O)9 2:2 trigonal R3c a = 8.3797 Å, c = 68.123 Z=6 4142.7 [20]
UM1987-14-SO:ClHZn Zn12(SO4)3Cl3(OH)15•5H2O 3:3
Aubertite CuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O 2:1 triclinic P1 a=6.28 b=13.23 c=6.28 α=91.17°, β=94.67°, γ=82.45° 515.50 1.815 blue

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.462 nβ = 1.482 nγ = 1.495

2V: measured: 71° , calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.033

 [21]
Magnesioaubertite (Mg,Cu)Al(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O 2:1 triclinic P1 a = 6.31 b = 13.20 c = 6.29 α = 91.74°, β = 94.55°, γ = 82.62° 517.8 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.466 nβ = 1.481 nγ = 1.488

2V: measured: 112° to 114°, calculated: 66°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.022

 [22]
Kamchatkite KCu3(SO4)2OCl 2:1 orthorhombic Pnma a = 9.755 b = 7.015 c = 12.866 881.8 3.48 greenish-yellow

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.695 nβ = 1.718 nγ = 1.759

2V: measured: 75° , calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.064

 [23]
Aiolosite Na4Bi(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m a = 9.626 c = 6.880 552.1 3.589 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.590 nε = 1.600

Max birefringence: δ = 0.010

 [24]
Caracolite Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 monoclinic P63/m a = 19.62 b = 7.14 c = 9.81 β = 120° 1190 5.1 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.743 nβ = 1.754 nγ = 1.764

Max Birefringence: δ = 0.021

 [25]
D'Ansite Na21Mg(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d a = 15.913 Z = 4 4,029.55 2.59 isotropic n=1.488 [26]
D'Ansite-(Fe) Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d

a = 15.882 Z=4

 4,006.04 2.62 Isotropic n = 1.51 [27]
D'Ansite-(Mn) Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3 10:3 isometric I43d a = 15.929 Z=4 4,041.79 2.610 Isotropic n = 1.50 [28]
Adranosite (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 4:1 tetragonal I41/acd a = 18.118, c = 11.320 3,715.9 [29]
Adranosite-(Fe) (NH4)4NaFe3+2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 4:1 tetragonal I41/acd a = 18.261, c = 11.562 Z=8 3855.5 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.580 nε = 1.570 Birefringence: δ = 0.010 [30]
Bluelizardite Na7(UO2)(SO4)4Cl(H2O)2 4:1 monoclinic C2/c a = 21.1507 b = 5.3469 c = 34.6711 β = 104.913° Z=8 3788.91 3.116 yellow

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.515(1) nβ = 1.540(1) nγ = 1.545(1)

2V: measured: 48°, calculated: 47.6°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

 [31]
Piypite K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)Cl 4:1 Tetragonal a = 13.6 c = 4.95 Z=2 915.6 3.1 green

Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.583 nε = 1.695

Max Birefringence:δ = 0.112

 [32]
Atlasovite K(BiO)Cu6Fe3+(SO4)5O3Cl 5:1 tetragonal P4/ncc a = 9.86, c = 20.58 2,001 4.2 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.783 nε = 1.776 Birefringence: δ = 0.007 [33]
Three or more anions
Marinellite (Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2 · 3H2O 2:8 Trigonal P31c a = 12.88 c = 31.761 4563 2.405 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.495 nε = 1.497

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

 [34]
Philolithite Pb12O6Mn7(SO4)(CO3)4Cl4(OH)12 1:4 Tetragonal a = 12.627 c = 12.595 Z=2 2008.2 green

Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

 [35]
Symesite Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O 1:4 triclinic P1 a = 8.821 b = 10.776 c = 13.134 α = 68.96°, β = 86.52°, γ = 75.65° Z=2 1128.4 7.3 pink

Biaxial nα = 2.120 nγ = 2.160

Max birefringence: δ = 0.040

 [36]
Bobmeyerite Pb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3 1:2 Orthorhombic Pnnm a = 13.969 b = 14.24 c = 5.893 Z=2 1173.6 4.381 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.756(4) nβ = 1.759(2) nγ = 1.759(2)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.003

 [37]
Microsommite Na4K2Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)Cl2 1:2 Hexagonal a = 22.08 c = 5.33 2,250 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.521 nε = 1.529

Max birefringence: δ = 0.008

 [38]
Mattheddleite Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) 3:2 Hexagonal P63/m a = 10.0056, c = 7.496 Z=2 649.9 6.96 Uniaxial (-) nω = 2.017 nε = 1.999 Birefringence: δ = 0.018 [39]
Afghanite (Na,K)22Ca10[Si24Al24O96](SO4)6Cl6 6:6 Trigonal a = 12.796, c = 21.409 Z = 1 3,015.16 2.54 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.523 nε = 1.529 δ = 0.006 [40]
Alloriite (Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6 6:6 trigonal P31c a = 12.892 c = 21.340 Z=4 3,071.61 2.35 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.497(2) nε = 1.499(2)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

 [41]
Eztlite Pb2+2Fe3+3(Te4+ O3)3(SO4)O2Cl 1:1 monoclinic Cm a = 11.466 b = 19.775 c = 20.52 β = 20.52° Z=2 2322.6 4.5 red

Biaxial nα = 2.140 nγ = 2.150

Max birefringence: δ = 0.010

 [42]
Vlodavetsite AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O 1:1 Tetragonal I4/m a = 6.870, c = 13.342 Z=2 629.70 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.509 nε = 1.526

Birefringence: δ = 0.017

 [43]
Liottite (Na,K)16Ca8(Al6Si6O24)3(SO4)5Cl4 5:4 Hexagonal a = 12.84 c = 16.09 2,297 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.530 nε = 1.528

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002

 [44]
Chlorellestadite Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 3:2 Hexagonal P63/m a = 9.6002 c = 6.8692 Z=2 548.27 3.091 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.664 nε = 1.659

Max birefringence δ = 0.005

 [45]
Heidornite Na2Ca3B5O8(SO4)2Cl(OH)2 2:1 monoclinic a = 10.19 b = 7.76 c = 18.81 β = 93.33° Z=4 1,484.88 2.753 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.579 nβ = 1.588 nγ = 1.604

2V: measured: 63° to 77°, calculated: 76°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.025

 [46]
Mineevite-(Y) Na25Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl 2:1 hexagonal P63/m a = 8.811 c = 37.03 2,489.6 2.85 Pale green

Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510

Max birefringence: δ = 0.026

 [47]
Sulphohalite Na6(SO4)2FCl 2:1 Isometric Fm3m a = 10.065, Z = 4 1,019.6 isotropic n=1.455 [48][49]
Tounkite (Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2Cl · H2O 2:1 hexagonal a = 12.84 c = 32.23 4,602 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.528 nε = 1.543

Max birefringence: δ = 0.015

 [50]
Alloriite Na19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O) 5:1 trigonal P31c a = 12.892 c = 21.340 [51]
Galeite Na15(SO4)5F4Cl 5:1 trigonal a = 12.17 c = 13.94 1788 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.447 nε = 1.449

Max birefringence: δ = 0.002
Nabokoite KCu7(SO4)5(Te4+O3)OCl 5:1 Tetragonal a = 9.84 Å, c = 20.52 1,986.86 nω = 1.778 nε = 1.773 uniaxial (-) [52]
Schairerite Na21(SO4)7ClF6 7:1 Trigonal a = 12.17 c = 19.29 2,474 2.612 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.440 nε = 1.445

Max birefringence: δ = 0.005

 [53]
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl 9:1 Hexagonal P 63/m a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415 2024.1 [54]
Sacrofanite (Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6•2H2O 26:2 hexagonal P62c a = 12.86 c = 72.24 Z=14 10,346 2.423 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.505 nε = 1.486

Max birefringence:δ = 0.019

 [55]

Artificial
name formula ratio

SO4:Cl

 system space group unit cell volume density optical references
'Ammonium-zinc-Kainite' NH4Zn(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1
nonasodium tetrakis(sulfate) chloride diperhydrate Na9[SO4]4Cl·2H2O2 4:1 tetragonal P 4/n MW=694.63 a=29.6829 b=29.6829 c=8.4018 Z=16 7402.6 2.493 colourless [56]
'zinc-Kainite' KZn(SO4)Cl•3H2O 1:1 n=1.24 [57]
indium sulfate chloride In2(SO4)3•InCl3•(17±1)H2O 3:3 [58]
Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m [59]
Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 orthorhombic >897K [60]
Na3Cd2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 hexagonal P63/m [59]
Na3Cd2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 monoclinic >494K [60]
K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 [61]
K3Pb2(SO4)3Cl 3:1 [62]
K4Sb(SO4)3Cl 3:1 noncentrosymmetric non-linear optic high birefringence. [63]
Calcium chlorosulfatosilicate Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 3:2 hexagonal a=9.688 c=6.849 monoaxial,(-) , No = 1.665, Ne' = 1.659 [64]
[Fe2Al4(OH)11](SO4)3Cl 3:1
Lithium gordaite LiZn4(OH)6(SO4)Cl·6H2O 1:1 ?c=17.84 [65]
(NH4)SbCl2(SO4) 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=6.3616 b=7.3110 c=15.827 Z=2 736.13 2.768 colourless SHG 1.7×KDP [66]
(NH4)2SbCl(SO4)2 2:1 orthorhombic Pnma a=8.6044 b=16.5821 c=7.1007 Z=2 1013.1 2.527 colourless [66]
RbSbSO4Cl2 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=6.3469 b=7.4001 c=15.7798 Z=2 741.14 3.353 SHG 2.7×KDP [67]
gadolinium chloride sulfate GdClSO4 1:1 monoclinic P21/c a = 9.437 6.5759 6.8005 β = 104.87 Z=4 [68]
KBiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a= 7.2890 b=6.3673 c=15.3306 Z=4 711.51 3.875 band gap 3.95 eV [69]
RbBiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a= 6.3352 b=7.4450 c=15.5302 Z=4 732.49 4.184 colourless NLO SHG [70]
NH4BiCl2SO4 1:2 orthorhombic P212121 a=7.3845 b=6.3593 c=15.5636 Z=4 730.87 3.581 colourless NLO SHG [70]
Tripotassium dibismuth pentachloride dioxide disulfate K3Bi2Cl5O2(SO4)2 2:5 triclinic P1 a=6.513 b=7.2500 c=10.7916 al=82.500 be=83.742 ga=82.100 485.89 band gap 3.62 eV [71]
K4[(NpO2)(SO4)2]Cl 2:1 monoclinic P2/n a=10.0873 b=4.5354 c=14.3518 β=103.383 Z=2 638.76 3.395 light green [72]
Rb4[(NpO2)(SO4)2]Cl 2:1 monoclinic P2/n a=10.5375 b=4.6151 c=16.068 β=103.184 Z=2 599.33 3.982 light green [72]
complexes
[Pt2(SO4)4Cl(H2O)]3- 4:1 [73]
Hf(SO4)2Cl− 2:1 [74]

Some "chloride sulfates" are sold as solutions in water and used for water treatment. these include ferric chloride sulfate and polyaluminium sulfate chloride. The solutions may also be called "chlorosulfates" even though they do not contain a chlorosulfate group.

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