Sunday roast

A Sunday roast is a traditional British main meal that is typically served on Sunday (hence the name), consisting of roasted meat, roast potatoes,mashed potato and accompaniments such as Yorkshire pudding, stuffing, gravy and mint sauce. Vegetables such as cauliflower (often in the form of cauliflower cheese), roast parsnips, Brussels sprouts, peas, carrots, runner beans, and broccoli can be part of the dish. The Sunday roast is also popular in many parts of Ireland, especially in most of Ulster (chiefly in Northern Ireland and County Donegal).

"Sunday Lunch" redirects here. For the 2003 film, see Il pranzo della domenica.
"Sunday Dinner" redirects here. For the TV series, see Sunday Dinner (TV series).
Not to be confused with the rugby league talk show, The Sunday Roast.

Cooked Dinner typically consists of roast beef, roast potatoes, other vegetables and Yorkshire pudding.

Its prominence in British culture is such that in a UK poll in 2012 it was ranked second in a list of things people love about Britain.[1] Other names for this meal are Sunday lunch, Sunday dinner, roast dinner, full roast, and Sunday joint (joint referring specifically to the joint of meat). The meal is often comparable to a less grand version of a traditional Christmas dinner.

Besides being served in its original homelands, the tradition of a Sunday roast lunch or dinner has been a major influence on food cultures in the English-speaking world, particularly in Australia, Canada, South Africa, United States, and New Zealand. Roast dinner is also a traditionally popular dish in the Republic of Ireland.[2] An Irish Sunday roast normally comprises roast pork or ham, beef or chicken, potatoes (mashed and/or roast), carrots, green vegetables (such as peas, beans, or Brussels sprouts), and gravy. A South African Sunday roast normally comprises roast pork, beef, lamb or chicken, roast potatoes, pumpkin fritters, Yorkshire pudding, and various vegetables like cauliflower-broccoli cheese, creamed spinach, mashed or roasted butternut squash, green beans, carrots, peas, fresh corn, beetroot and sweet potato. It is also fairly common to serve rice and gravy in South Africa instead of Yorkshire pudding.

Origin

The Sunday Roast originated in England as a meal to be eaten after church on Sunday. Eating a large meal following church services is common to all of the continent of Europe as with other Christian countries, but the Sunday roast variant of this meal is uniquely English. On Sundays, all types of meat and dairy produce are allowed to be eaten; this is unlike Fridays, where many Roman Catholics and Anglicans traditionally abstain from eating meats, so ate fish instead.[3] Likewise, it is traditional for Anglicans and English Catholics to fast before Sunday services, with a larger meal to break the fast afterwards. These religious rules created several traditional dishes in the United Kingdom.

  • Only eating fish on Friday resulted in a British tradition of 'fish Fridays' which is still common in fish and chip shops and restaurants across the United Kingdom on Fridays, particularly during Lent.
  • To mark the end of not being able to eat meat the Sunday roast was created as a mark of celebration.

There are two historical points on the origins of the modern Sunday Roast. In the late 1700s during the industrial revolution in the United Kingdom, families would place a cut of meat into the oven as they got ready for church. They would then add in vegetables such as potatoes, turnips and parsnips before going to church on a Sunday morning. When they returned from the church the dinner was all but ready. The juices from the meat and vegetables were used to make a stock or gravy to pour on top of the dinner.[4] The second opinion holds that the Sunday Roast dates back to medieval times, when the village serfs served the squire for six days a week. Then, on the Sunday, after the morning church service, serfs would assemble in a field and practise their battle techniques and were rewarded with a feast of oxen roasted on a spit.[5]

Typical elements

Meat
Another Sunday Roast with roast lamb, roast potatoes, carrots, green beans and Yorkshire pudding
Another Sunday roast with roast beef ribs, roast potatoes, various vegetables and Yorkshire pudding

Typical meats used for a Sunday roast are chicken, lamb, pork or roast beef, although seasonally duck, goose, gammon, turkey or (rarely) other game birds may be used.[6]

Vegetables

Sunday Roasts can be served with a range of boiled, steamed and/or roasted vegetables. The vegetables served vary seasonally and regionally, but will usually include roast potatoes, roasted in meat dripping or vegetable oil, and also gravy made from juices released by the roasting meat, perhaps supplemented by one or more stock cubes, gravy browning/thickening, roux or corn flour.

The potatoes can be cooked around the meat itself, absorbing the juices and fat directly (as in a traditional Cornish under-roast).[7] However, many cooks prefer to cook the potatoes and the Yorkshire pudding in a hotter oven than that used for the joint and so remove the meat beforehand to rest and "settle" in a warm place.[8]

Other vegetable dishes served with roast dinner can include mashed swede or turnips, roast parsnips, boiled or steamed cabbage, broccoli, green beans and boiled carrots and peas. It is also not uncommon for leftover composite vegetable dishes—such as cauliflower cheese and stewed red cabbage to be served alongside the more usual assortment of plainly-cooked seasonal vegetables.

Accompaniments

Common traditional accompaniments include:

Leftovers

Leftover food from the Sunday Roast has traditionally formed the basis of meals served on other days of the week. For example, meats might be used as sandwich fillings, roast beef may be chopped up with leftover roasted potatoes and some additional onion and then fried in a pan with oil and desired seasonings until somewhat crispy to make roast beef hash, lamb might be used in the filling for a shepherd's pie, and vegetables might form the basis for bubble and squeak and in Scotland for the traditional stovies.

In pubs and restaurants

In the UK, many pubs serving food have a Sunday menu that features a Sunday roast, usually with a variety of meats. This is often cheaper than the normal menu, which may or may not be available on Sundays.

See also

References
  1. "Bacon Butty Best of British". SWNS digital. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  2. Gilligan, Michael (9 July 2016). "The perfect Irish Sunday roast". Irish Central. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  3. Foley, Michael P. (29 November 2005). Why Do Catholics Eat Fish on Friday?: The Catholic Origin to Just About Everything. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6967-5.
  4. Hill, Amelia (19 August 2007). "How Friday saved the Sunday roast". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  5. "British Food—British culture, customs and traditions". Learnenglish.de. 13 March 2000. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  6. Classic Roast Dinner Archived 12 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Amanda Persey (1993). Favourite Cornish Recipes. J. Salmon. ISBN 978-0-906198-97-1.
  8. Delia Smith (1992). Delia Smith's complete cookery course. BBC Books. ISBN 978-0-563-36249-4.
  9. "Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic". Travel. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  10. Various roast dinner recipes from uktv
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