Syntrichopappus

Syntrichopappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy or sunflower family (Asteraceae), found in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico, including Baja California. It is a member of the Heliantheae alliance of the Asteraceae.[2] There are two species.[3] Common names include xerasid[3] and Frémont's-gold.[4]

Syntrichopappus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Tribe:
Madieae
Subtribe:
Baeriinae[1]
Genus:
Syntrichopappus

A. Gray
Type species
Syntrichopappus fremontii
A. Gray
Species

2, see text

The name "Syntrichopappus" derives from a Greek name: "syn" = "joined together", "tricho" = "hair", of the "pappus", which means many bristles fused at the base (however some species have no pappus).[3][5] The common name "xerasid" derives from Greek, meaning "son of dryness".[3]

Leaves

Leaves are simple, alternate, sometimes with the lowest ones opposite.[5]

Inflorescence

Flower heads are solitary.[5] There is one yellow (or white with red veins) ray flower per phyllary, with 3-lobed ligules.[5] The yellow disk flowers are narrowly funnel shaped.[5]

Fruits

The fruits have 0 to many pappus bristles, fused at the base.[5]

Species
  • Syntrichopappus fremontii (yellowray Frémont's gold) is native to desert regions of the American southwest and adjacent Baja California. It is a small woolly herb just a few centimeters tall bearing flower heads with usually five toothed yellow ray florets.[6][7]
  • Syntrichopappus lemmonii (pinkray Frémont's gold) is endemic to California, where it can be found in the southern coastal mountain ranges, including the Transverse Ranges. Its flower heads contain white, red-veined ray florets with pink undersides.[8][9]

References
  1. Ekenäs, Catarina (2008). Phylogenies and secondary chemistry in Arnica (Asteraceae). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 392. Uppsala, Sweden: University of Uppsala. p. 16. ISBN 978-91-554-7092-0.
  2. "Genus Syntrichopappus". Universal Protein Resource (UniProt).
  3. California Desert Wildflowers, An Introduction to Families, Genera, and Species; Sia Morhardt, Emil Morhardt; p 74-5
  4. "Syntrichopappus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  5. Jepson Desert Manual: Syntrichopappus, Dale E. Johnson, 2002 Ed., p 184
  6. Jepson Manual Treatment: S. fremontii
  7. Flora of North America: S. fremontii
  8. Jepson Manual Treatment: S. lemmonii
  9. Flora of North America: S. lemmonii


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