Szymon Zabiełło

Szymon Zabiełło was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman (Polish: szlachcic) of the Topór clan (born 14 July 1750, Czerwony Dwór, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, died in 1824). He was the castellan of Minsk from 1783 to 1787, lieutenant general (Polish: generał lejtnant) of the Army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and a member of its General Staff in 1792.[1] He was an envoy to the Grodno Sejm, a member of the Patriotic Party, the Grodno Confederation in 1793,[2] as well as the Permanent Council, and a participant of the Kościuszko Uprising in Lithuania.

Family

The son of Antoni Zabiełło and Zofia Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the daughter of the castellan of Mścisław, Józef Szczytt. He was the brother of Michał Zabiełło,[3] and Józef Zabiełło, a member of the pro-Russian Targowica confederation.

French Royal army

Zabiełło completed his education at the Lunéville military academy and served in the French army. In 1780 he became a knight of the Order of Saint Stanislaus.[4]

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

In 1787, together with his brother Michał Zabiełło, he transferred to the Lithuanian army and was immediately promoted to brigadier of the 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade and major general of the 2nd Lithuanian Division.

Four-Year Sejm

From 1788, he was a member of the Four-Year Sejm.[5] In 1789, Zabiełło was awarded the Order of the White Eagle.[6] In 1790, he was promoted to the rank of generał lejtnant.

Polish-Russian war of 1792

He fought against the Russians during the Polish-Russian war of 1792, where he was commended for his actions during the ill-fated Battle of Brześć Litewski. Despite his bravery, Zabiełło was reputed to be ignorant of the finer points of commanding an army on the field against a much larger and well-trained foe.

1792 August - 1794 March

After king Stanisław II's surrender, Zabiełło attempted to organise a guerilla campaign in the enemy's rear, but abandoned these plans due to the sheer advantage held by the Imperial Russian Army.

Zabiełło was Wołkowysk's envoy to the Grodno Sejm in 1793,[7] where the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was ratified. He later liaised with insurrectionist allies in Vilnius, while being a member of the Permanent Council established by the Targowica confederation.

Kościuszko Uprising

After the outbreak of the Kościuszko insurrection in Vilnius, he joined and temporarily acted as the adjutant of general Jakub Jasiński. After the collapse of the rebellion, Zabiełło withdrew from public life.

References
  1. Ciąg dalszy Kalendarzyka narodowego i obcego na rok ... 1792 czyli II część, z konstytycyami od roku 1788 dnia 6 października do roku 1791 dnia 23 grudnia przez daty oznaczonemi, [1792] (Continuation National and foreign calendars for a year ... 1792 or the second part, with constituents from 1788 on 6 October to 1791 on 23 December by dates marked, [1792]). Poland. 1792. p. 546.
  2. Volumina Legum, t. X. Poznan, Poland. 1952. p. 55.
  3. Żychliński, T. (1882). Złota Księga Szlachty Polskiej, Rocznik IV (Golden Book of the Polish Nobility, Yearbook IV). Poznań, Poland. pp. 363–364.
  4. Dunin-Wilczyński, Zbigniew (2006). Order Św. Stanisława (Order of Saint Stanislaus). Warsaw, Poland. p. 187.
  5. Dyaryusz Seymu Ordynaryinego Pod Związkiem Konfederacyi Generalney Oboyga Narodów W Warszawie Rozpoczętego Roku Pańskiego 1788, T. 1 cz. 1). Warsaw, Poland. 1788.
  6. Kawalerowie i statuty Orderu Orła Białego 1705-2008 (Knights and Statutes of the Order of the White Eagle, 1705-2008). 2008. p. 243.
  7. Sievers, Jakub Johann (1992). Jak doprowadziłem do drugiego rozbioru Polski (How I Caused the Second Partition of Poland). Warsaw, Poland. p. 227.
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