T-Kernel

T-Kernel is an open source[4] real-time operating system designed for 32-bit microcontrollers. It is standardized by the T-Engine Forum,[4] which distributes it under a "T-License" license agreement. There is also a corresponding μT-Kernel implementation designed for embedded systems with 16-bit or 8-bit microcontrollers.[5]

T-Kernel
DeveloperT-Engine
OS familyRTOS
Working stateCurrent
Initial release2002 (2002)
Latest release2.02.00 / June 24, 2015 (2015-06-24)
Marketing targetEmbedded systems
PlatformsARM, MIPS, x86, PowerPC[1][2][3]
LicenseT-License
Official websitewww.tron.org

History

In 1984 Prof. Ken Sakamura started the TRON project at the University of Tokyo, with the goal of designing an open real-time operating system (RTOS) kernel. The TRON framework defines a complete architecture for the different computing units. ITRON is the most popular TRON architecture. ITRON specification promotion was done by the various companies which sell the commercial implementations. T-Kernel is the name of the specification and at the same time a single implementation based on the authorized source code available from the T-Engine Forum for free under T-License. T-Engine is arguably the most advanced ubiquitous computing platform in the world.[6]

In 1989, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., now known as Panasonic Corporation, introduced a TRON PC. This personal computer had an 80286 Intel chip of 8 MHz and only 2 MB of memory, but it could display moving videos. Also, it had a dual-booting system that could run both the TRON OS and DOS. Although the Japanese government once announced it would use the TRON PC in Japanese schools, the plan had been dropped partly due to economic issues with the United States.

But ITRON survived, and today is used in many devices, household appliances, automobile electronics, robots, and even satellites. ITRON is also used in factory automation systems in China. Embedded system developers claim that ITRON is the number one OS for embedded chips in both Japan and the United States.[7]

Overview

To make it easy to distribute middleware, T-Kernel has separate specification for subsystem and device driver which will be suitable for different types of middleware APIs. A real-time OS appropriate for individual application can be created by combining the middleware called T-Kernel Extension with the T-Kernel. T-Monitor initializes hardware and handles the interrupt set up at the start. T-Monitor lessens hardware-dependency of T-Kernel, and improves the application portability. T-Kernel consists of the following three components from the viewpoint of functionality.[8]

T-Kernel/OS (operating system)

This offers the basic functions as real-time Operating System.

T-Kernel/SM (system manager)

This offers the functions including system memory management function and address space management function in order to manage middleware such as device drivers and subsystems.

T-Kernel/DS (debugger support)

This offers the functions for debuggers to be used in development tools.

Development environment

eBinder from eSol Corporation is one of the commonly used integrated development environment (IDE) for software cross-development targeting T-Kernel.[9]

The current release of T-Kernel 2.0 is distributed with a plug-in for Eclipse IDE. Also, a version of T-Kernel that runs on QEMU based emulator, and the QEMU based emulator itself, are available so that testing, training, and development can be done on a PC without a target hardware.[10] It is supported by popular SSL/TLS libraries such as wolfSSL.[11]

See also

References
  1. "T-Kernel CPU Support". Retrieved 2012-07-26.
  2. "New Platforms for the T-Engine". Retrieved 2012-07-26.
  3. Supported CPU list
  4. "What is T-Kernel". T-Engine Forum. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
  5. Su-Lim, Tan; Tran Nguyen, Bao Anh (2009-07-06). "Real-time operating system (RTOS) for small (16-bit) microcontroller". 2009 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics. IEEE Xplore. IEEE. pp. 1007–1011. doi:10.1109/ISCE.2009.5156833. ISBN 978-1-4244-2975-2., first published in Consumer Electronics, 2009. ISCE '09. IEEE 13th International Symposium, 2009 May 25–28.
  6. Krikke, J. (2005-05-09). "T-Engine: Japan's ubiquitous computing architecture is ready for prime time". IEEE Xplore. IEEE. 4 (2): 4–9. doi:10.1109/MPRV.2005.40.
  7. Krikke, Jan (2003-10-15). "The Most Popular Operating System in the World". LinuxInsider. ECT News Network, Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
  8. "T-Kernel". T-Engine Forum. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
  9. "eBinder - T-Kernel/μITRON-based system development suite". Renesas Electronics Corp.
  10. "T-Kernel 2.00.01 Software Package". T-Engine Forum. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
  11. "wolfSSL + Micro-T Kernel, TRON, T-ENGINE - wolfSSL". 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
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