T2 Laboratories explosion and fire

The T2 Laboratories explosion and fire occurred on December 19, 2007, in Jacksonville, Florida, resulting in the deaths of four people and the injury of fourteen others.[1][2] T2 Laboratories Inc. was a facility that specialized in the design and manufacture of specialty chemicals primarily for gasoline additives.[3][4]

Aerial view of T2 Laboratories, Inc., following explosion and fire

The explosion's force was equivalent to detonating 1,400 lbs[5] of TNT and it spread debris up to a mile from the plant.[6] Following the explosion, every HAZMAT unit in Jacksonville and over 100 firefighters fought the ensuing blaze, which a spokesman termed a "hellish inferno".[2]

The blast killed Robert Scott Gallagher; Charles Budds Bolchoz, 48; Karey Renard Henry, 35; and Parrish Lamar Ashley, 36.[2] At the time of his death, Gallagher was Marketing Director for T2 Labs.[7] The company laid off its workers and shut down in the following months.[8] Fourteen people were hospitalized for chemical exposure or their injuries after the blast.[2]

In September 2009, a report was released by the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board as to the cause of the accident.[5] The explosion occurred in a 2500-gallon batch reactor during production of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MCMT). The reactor cooling system, which lacked backups, failed; this led to a thermal runaway. Pressures rapidly reached 400 PSI, bursting the rupture disc, but it was too late. Nearby witnesses described a jet engine-like sound as high pressure gases vented from the reactor. At the same time pressure increased in the reactor, temperatures also increased in the reactor until the MCMT reached its decomposition temperature.[9] The pressure and temperature continued to increase until the reactor violently ruptured and the MMT exploded, destroying the reactor. Damage from the explosion was severe enough that 4 buildings in the immediate vicinity of the plant were condemned.[10]

References
  1. "Plant Blast is Worst U.S. Industrial Accident in Nearly 3 Years". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  2. "Chemical Reactor Rupture Suspected In Fatal Lab Explosion, Safety Board Says". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  3. "T2 Labs - Manufacturer of gasoline additives". Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  4. "T2 Labs is the manufacturer of Ecotane". Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  5. http://www.csb.gov/UserFiles/file/T2%20Final%20Report.pdf
  6. "Overheated chamber triggered chemical lab blast". Archived from the original on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  7. "Contact T2 Labs Inc". Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  8. "Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Occupational Safety and Health Administration". Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  9. Willey, Ronald J.; Fogler, H. Scott; Cutlip, Michael B. (2011). "The integration of process safety into a chemical reaction engineering course: Kinetic modeling of the T2 incident". Process Safety Progress. 30 (1): 39–44. doi:10.1002/prs.10431. hdl:2027.42/83180. ISSN 1547-5913.
  10. Runaway: Explosion at T2 Laboratories. September 21, 2009. Event occurs at 4:31. Retrieved April 6, 2020.

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