TRNP1

TMF-regulated nuclear protein 1 is a nuclear protein that in humans is encoded by the TRNP1 gene. TRNP1 plays a crucial role in cellular proliferation and brain development.[5] Trnp1 is the first protein that has been shown to play a major role in cortical folding.[5] It represents a major stem cell factor, that is involved in crucial processes during brain but also stem cell development. Trnp1 controls gene expression levels and is sufficient to induce gyri and sulci in the developing brain. Local differences of Trnp1 expression levels in the human brain correlate with cortical folding.[5][6][7]

TRNP1
Identifiers
AliasesTRNP1, C1orf225, TNRP, TMF1-regulated nuclear protein 1, TRNP, TMF1 regulated nuclear protein 1
External IDsOMIM: 616824 MGI: 1916789 HomoloGene: 19492 GeneCards: TRNP1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 1 (human)[1]
Band1p36.11Start26,993,692 bp[1]
End27,000,886 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

388610

69539

Ensembl

ENSG00000253368

ENSMUSG00000056596

UniProt

Q6NT89

Q80ZI1

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001013642

NM_001081156

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001013664

NP_001074625

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 26.99 – 27 MbChr 4: 133.49 – 133.5 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Trnp1 binds to DNA with high affinity.[5] Its direct molecular function is unknown, it has no known molecular motif and therefore may represent a new class of molecules.[5]

Trnp1 has a very strong effect on cellular proliferation, Trnp1 dramatically increases the proliferation rate in vitro an in vivo.[5]

In addition to its stem cell function during brain development, there are data suggesting that Trnp1 might play a crucial role in cancer cells - Trnp1 has been described in gene expression analysis in cancer types.[8] the very strong proliferation capacity may be responsible for its oncogenic potential. Specifically, Trnp1 (together with other factors) serves as a biomarker for specific colon cancer subtypes.[8][9]

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000253368 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056596 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Stahl R, Walcher T, De Juan Romero C, Pilz GA, Cappello S, Irmler M, Sanz-Aquela JM, Beckers J, Blum R, Borrell V, Götz M (April 2013). "Trnp1 regulates expansion and folding of the mammalian cerebral cortex by control of radial glial fate". Cell. 153 (3): 535–49. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.027. PMID 23622239.
  6. Fernández V, Llinares-Benadero C, Borrell V (May 2016). "Cerebral cortex expansion and folding: what have we learned?". The EMBO Journal. 35 (10): 1021–44. doi:10.15252/embj.201593701. PMC 4868950. PMID 27056680.
  7. Martínez-Martínez MÁ, De Juan Romero C, Fernández V, Cárdenas A, Götz M, Borrell V (June 2016). "A restricted period for formation of outer subventricular zone defined by Cdh1 and Trnp1 levels". Nature Communications. 7: 11812. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711812M. doi:10.1038/ncomms11812. PMC 4897765. PMID 27264089.
  8. Kanth P, Bronner MP, Boucher KM, Burt RW, Neklason DW, Hagedorn CH, Delker DA (June 2016). "Gene Signature in Sessile Serrated Polyps Identifies Colon Cancer Subtype". Cancer Prevention Research. 9 (6): 456–65. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0363. PMC 4941619. PMID 27026680.
  9. US application 20190032147, Delker D, Kanth P, "Methods and compositions for predicting a colon cancer subtype", published 31 January 2019, assigned to University of Utah Research Foundation
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