Tabernaemontanine

Tabernaemontanine is a naturally occurring monoterpene indole alkaloid found in several species in the genus Tabernaemontana including Tabernaemontana divaricata.

Tabernaemontanine
Names
IUPAC name
Methyl (1S,14S,15S,18S)-15-ethyl-17-methyl-12-oxo-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraene-18-carboxylate
Preferred IUPAC name
Methyl (20β)-3-oxo-19,20-dihydrovobasan-17-oate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
Properties[1]
C21H26N2O3
Molar mass 354.450 g·mol−1
Melting point 207 °C (405 °F; 480 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

History

Tabernaemontanine was first reported in 1939[1] but its structure was only fully confirmed in the 1970s as there was confusion in the original literature regarding the configuration of the ethyl group in the piperidine ring of this alkaloid and its isomer dregamine, so that their identities had been reversed.[2][3][4] Both compounds were isolated from plants of the dogbane (Apocynaceae) family including Tabernaemontana coronaria.[5] They have structures that are reduced versions of vobasine.

Biosynthesis
Main article: Indole_alkaloid § Biosynthesis

As with other Indole alkaloids, the biosynthesis of tabernaemontanine starts from the amino acid tryptophan. This is converted into strictosidine before further elaboration.[6]

Natural occurrence
Tabernaemontana divaricata, a source of tabernaemontanin

Tabernaemontanine is found commonly in the genera Tabernaemontana and Kopsia,[7] including the species Ervatamia hirta,[8] Tabernaemontana elegans[9] and Tabernaemontana divaricata.[10][11] The latter species is known to produce many other alkaloids including catharanthine, ibogamine and voacristine.[12]

Biochemistry

Plant metabolites have been of interest for their possible biological activity and alkaloids in particular are major subjects for ethnobotanical research.[13][14] Tabernaemontanine has been studied, for example as a potential anti-cancer agent,[15][16][17] for its antimalarial activity[18][19] and in antifertility research.[20] However, the alkaloid itself has not been developed as a drug.

References
  1. Glasby, John S. (1975). "T". Encyclopedia of the Alkaloids (PDF). pp. 1282–1352. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8729-3_12. ISBN 978-1-4615-8731-6.
  2. Renner, U.; Prins, D. A. (1961). "Voacanga-Alkaloide V. Verknüpfung von Vobasin mit Dregamin und Tabernaemontanin". Experientia. 17 (5): 209. doi:10.1007/BF02160617. PMID 13740864. S2CID 35816536.
  3. Knox, JR; Slobbe, J. (1975). "Indole alkaloids from Ervatamia orientalis. III. The configurations of the ethyl side chains of dregamine and tabernaemontanine and some further chemistry of the vobasine group". Australian Journal of Chemistry. 28 (8): 1843. doi:10.1071/CH9751843.
  4. Bombardelli, Ezio; Bonati, Attilio; Gabetta, Bruno; Martinelli, Ernesto M.; Mustich, Giuseppe; Danieli, Bruno (1976). "Structures of tabernaelegantines A–D and tabernaelegantinines a and B, new indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana elegans". Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 (13): 1432–1438. doi:10.1039/P19760001432.
  5. Gorman, Marvin; Neuss, Norbert; Cone, Nancy J.; Deyrup, James A. (1960). "Alkaloids from Apocynaceae. III. Alkaloids of Tabernaemontana and Ervatamia. The Structure of Coronaridine, A New Alkaloid Related to Ibogamine". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (5): 1142–1145. doi:10.1021/ja01490a031.
  6. Edwin Saxton, J. (15 September 2009). Indoles, Part 4: The Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids. ISBN 9780470188446.
  7. Kam, Toh-Seok; Lim, Kuan-Hon (2008). Chapter 1 Alkaloids of Kopsia. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology. 66. pp. 1–111. doi:10.1016/S1099-4831(08)00201-0. ISBN 9780123745200. PMID 19025097.
  8. Clivio, Pascale; Richard, Bernard; Deverre, Jean-Robert; Sevenet, Thierry; Zeches, Monique; Le Men-Oliver, Louisette (January 1991). "Alkaloids from leaves and root bark of Ervatamia hirta". Phytochemistry. 30 (11): 3785–3792. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(91)80111-D.
  9. Van Der Heijden, R.; Brouwer, R.L.; Verpoorte, R.; Wijnsma, R.; Van Beek, T.A.; Harkes, A.A.; Svendsen, A.Baerheim (1986). "Indole alkaloids from a callus culture of Tabernaemontana elegans". Phytochemistry. 25 (4): 843–846. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(86)80013-9.
  10. Arambewela, Lakshmi S.R.; Ranatunge, Thilini (1991). "Indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana divaricata". Phytochemistry. 30 (5): 1740–1741. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(91)84254-P.
  11. Kam, Toh-Seok; Pang, Huey-Shen; Lim, Tuck-Meng (2003). "Biologically active indole and bisindole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana divaricata". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 1 (8): 1292–1297. doi:10.1039/B301167D. PMID 12929658.
  12. Kulshreshtha, Ankita; Saxena, Jyoti (2019). "Alkaloids and Non Alkaloids of Tabernaemontana divaricata" (PDF). International Journal of Research and Review. 6 (8): 517–524.
  13. Pratchayasakul W, Pongchaidecha A, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S (April 2008). "Ethnobotany & ethnopharmacology of Tabernaemontana divaricata" (PDF). The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 127 (4): 317–35. PMID 18577786.
  14. Babiaka, Smith B.; Ntie-Kang, Fidele; Lifongo, Lydia L.; Ndingkokhar, Bakoh; Mbah, James A.; Yong, Joseph N. (2015). "The chemistry and bioactivity of Southern African flora I: A bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey of alkaloid and terpenoid classes". RSC Advances. 5 (54): 43242–43267. doi:10.1039/C5RA01912E.
  15. Singh, Bharat; a. Sharma, Ram; k. Vyas, Govind (2011). "Antimicrobial, Antineoplastic and Cytotoxic Activities of Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br". Current Pharmaceutical Analysis. 7 (2): 125–132. doi:10.2174/157341211795684844.
  16. Paterna, Angela; Kincses, Annamária; Spengler, Gabriella; Mulhovo, Silva; Molnár, Joseph; Ferreira, Maria-José U. (2017). "Dregamine and tabernaemontanine derivatives as ABCB1 modulators on resistant cancer cells". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 128: 247–257. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.044. PMID 28189906.
  17. Ferreira, Maria-José U.; Paterna, Angela (2019). "Monoterpene indole alkaloids as leads for targeting multidrug resistant cancer cells from the African medicinal plant Tabernaemontana elegans". Phytochemistry Reviews. 18 (4): 971–987. doi:10.1007/s11101-019-09615-1. S2CID 184483520.
  18. Girardot, M.; Deregnaucourt, C.; Imbert, C.; Rasoanaivo, P.; Mambu, L. (2012). "Exploration of the mechanism of action of alkaloids with antiparasitic activities from Muntafara sessilifolia". Planta Medica. 78 (11). doi:10.1055/s-0032-1321055.
  19. Bapela, M. Johanna; Heyman, Heino; Senejoux, Francois; Meyer, J.J. Marion (2019). "1H NMR-based metabolomics of antimalarial plant species traditionally used by Vha-Venda people in Limpopo Province, South Africa and isolation of antiplasmodial compounds". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 228: 148–155. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.022. OSTI 1463337. PMID 30048730.
  20. Jain, Sachin; Jain, Avijeet; Deb, Lokesh; Dutt, K.R.; Jain, Deepak Kumar (2010). "Evaluation of anti-fertility activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata(Linn) R.Br. Leaves in rats". Natural Product Research. 24 (9): 855–860. doi:10.1080/14786410903314385. PMID 20306358. S2CID 41422612.

Further reading
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