Taleh

Taleh (Somali: Taleex, Arabic: تالح‎) is a historical Somali town in the eastern Sool region of Somaliland.[1] It served as the headquarters of the pre-independence Dervish State.[2] The town is sometimes referred to as the "Capital of the Sayyid"[3] or referring to the founder of the Dervish state, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan. The colonial era character of the town is described in the poem Annagoo Taleex naal.[4]

For the villages in Iran, see Taleh, Iran.
Taleh

Taleex

تالح‎
Town
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan's fort in Taleh.
Taleh
Location in Somaliland
Coordinates: 9°8′51″N 48°25′15″E
Country Somaliland
RegionSool
DistrictTaleh
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)

History
Main article: Dervish State

Dervish forts
Overview of Hassan's fort

Taleh is home to several historic forts and structures dating from the 1900s and earlier. Of these, there are five forts erected by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan's former Dervish State in present-day Sool and Sanaag. Constructed between 1910 and 1915, most of the edifices are concentrated in the Sanaag region, including Jida Ali, Midhisho, Shimbir Bariis and Badhan. Taleh/Taleex is the largest of the structures. It was built around a collection of Dervish tombs, the earliest of which belongs to Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman and Carro Seed Magan, the Dervish leader Hassan's mother. From 1910 to 1912, the Dervish constructed the main fort around the older tombs. They spent the next two years in the mountainous regions of Sanaag building three more smaller forts.[5]

Maxamuud Xoosh Cigaal was the last Darawiish man to be resident at the Taleh fort,[6] whilst the six-year old Jaamac Biixi Kidin was the last person in the fort overall.[7]

1919–1920
See also: Somaliland campaign (1920)

In 1919–1920, the British bombarded the Sanaag forts, where most of the Dervish had operated since 1913. Having destroyed the structures and driven out Hassan's men to Taleh in 1920, they finally attacked the town, assisted by horsemen and Somali personalities. The settlement was bombarded by the Royal Air Force on 4 February and taken days later, with the British having defeated the last pockets of Dervish resistance.[8] Among the casualties at Taleh were Ibrahim Buqul and Haji Sudi. The former was the commander of the Dervish at Taleh, and the latter was a long-standing member of the movement according to Douglas Jardin (1923) and Henry Rayne (1921). Another Dervish leader, Yusuf Xayle, was captured alive and later executed by former Dervish Abdi Dhere, who had defected to the opposition in 1919. Hassan himself managed to escape to the Ogaden, where his Dervishes were later routed in a 1921 raid led by the clan leader Haji Warabe.[9]

Taleh forts

Although the term Taleh or Taleex is often used to describe the entire Dervish fort complex in the town, it more strictly applies to only one of the structures in a four-part compound. The latter complex includes Falat, Silsilad, Dar Ilaalo and Taleh.

The main fortress, Silsilat, is about 350 feet long by 300 feet broad. The two buildings next in importance are Dar llalo, the look-out tower, some 50 feet high, built on the top of a hillock close behind Silsilat, and Taleh (in a restricted sense) of similar height, built on lower ground to the east.[5]

'The Mullah's fortifications at Taleh'. The tombs of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Sultan Nur and unnamed Habr Je'lo and Hawiye notabales can be seen in the plan

Demographics

The broader Taleh District has a total population of 5,354 residents, with the Dhulbahante as the native people of the land[10]

Climate
Climate data for Taleh
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29.5
(85.1)		 30.3
(86.5)		 31.9
(89.4)		 33.2
(91.8)		 34.0
(93.2)		 32.9
(91.2)		 31.9
(89.4)		 32.6
(90.7)		 34.0
(93.2)		 32.7
(90.9)		 31.1
(88.0)		 29.7
(85.5)		 32.0
(89.6)
Average low °C (°F) 14.0
(57.2)		 15.1
(59.2)		 16.2
(61.2)		 19.1
(66.4)		 20.8
(69.4)		 21.4
(70.5)		 21.4
(70.5)		 21.1
(70.0)		 21.0
(69.8)		 18.6
(65.5)		 15.6
(60.1)		 14.9
(58.8)		 18.3
(64.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 1
(0.0)		 1
(0.0)		 3
(0.1)		 19
(0.7)		 39
(1.5)		 3
(0.1)		 1
(0.0)		 1
(0.0)		 10
(0.4)		 24
(0.9)		 7
(0.3)		 2
(0.1)		 111
(4.1)
Source: Climate-Data.org

Education

Taleh has a number of academic institutions. According to the Somaliland Ministry of Education, there are eight primary schools in the Taleh District. Among these are Kalad, Labas, Aroley and Halin.

Notable residents

Notes
  1. Regions of Somalia
  2. Laurence, p.47.
  3. Fergusson, James (2013-01-17). The World's Most Dangerous Place: Inside the Outlaw State of Somalia. ISBN 9781446487051.
  4. Research in African Literatures - Volume 11, Issue 4 - 1980, PAGE 462
  5. The Geographical Journal, Vol. 78, No. 2 (Aug., 1931), pp. 125-128
  6. Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 , PAGE 325
  7. Darwiish Jaamac Biixi Kidin Oo Maanta Ku Geeriyoodey Magaalada Garoowe. Written by Asad Cadaani Ibraahim Saturday, 01 August 2009
  8. The Times, 18 February 1920, p. 9 and Illustrated London News and the Sphere, both of 17 April 1920
  9. Douglas Jardine, 'The Mad Mullah of Somaliland.' 8vo. London 1923.
  10. "Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)" (PDF). UNDP. Retrieved 21 September 2013.

References

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