Tangier Speech

The Tangier Speech (Arabic: خطاب طنجة‎, French: discours de Tanger) was a momentous speech appealing for the independence and territorial unity of Morocco, delivered by Sultan Muhammad V of Morocco on April 10, 1947 in what was then the Tangier International Zone.[1] At the time, Morocco was under French and Spanish colonial rule, with Tangier designated as an international zone.

Background

The Istiqlal Party's presented the Proclamation of the Independence of Morocco January 11, 1944. In this document, the nationalist party allied itself with the symbolic figure of Sultan Muhammad V.[2] The proclamation was met with hostility from the French colonial authorities; Ahmed Balafrej, Lyazidi, and 18 others were arrested, and a wave of protests took place in cities throughout the country.[2]

Casablanca Tirailleurs Massacre

In the days leading up to the sultan's speech, French colonial forces in Casablanca, specifically Senegalese Tirailleurs serving the French colonial empire, carried out a massacre of working class Moroccans. The massacre lasted for about 24 hours from April 7–8, 1947, as the tirailleurs fired randomly into residential buildings in working-class neighborhoods, killing 180 Moroccan civilians. The conflict was instigated in attempt to sabotage the Sultan's journey to Tangier. The Sultan returned to Casablanca to comfort the families of the victims, then proceeded to Tangier to deliver the historic speech.[3][4]

Speech and consequences

The Sultan, in his speech, addressed Morocco's future and its territorial integrity without once mentioning France directly. He emphasized his role as Sovereign, his place under Allah, and his responsibilities to his people. The Sultan went on to describe how he envisioned the country to operate, with exhortations to the faithful.[5] Labonne had included a statement at the end of the speech for the Sultan to read which encouraged the Moroccans to work with the French, but the Sultan refused to read it.

Eirik Labonne, the French resident général in Morocco at the time and a career diplomat, was called back and replaced with General Alphonse Juin, a military man, to reenforce French authority at the center of the protectorat regime.

References

"زيارة محمد الخامس لطنجة.. أغضبت‭ ‬فرنسا وأشعلت‭ ‬المقاومة". Hespress (in Arabic). Retrieved 2019-08-29.
Miller, Susan Gilson. (2013). A history of modern Morocco. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-62469-5. OCLC 855022840.
Atlasinfo. "Evènements du 7 avril 1947 à Casablanca, un tournant décisif dans la lutte pour la liberté et l'indépendance". Atlasinfo.fr: l'essentiel de l'actualité de la France et du Maghreb (in French). Retrieved 2019-03-16.
Revisiting the colonial past in Morocco. Maghraoui, Driss. London: Routledge. 2013. p. 151. ISBN 9780415638470. OCLC 793224528.CS1 maint: others (link)
"Discours de Tanger" (PDF).

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[1] "زيارة محمد الخامس لطنجة.. أغضبت‭ ‬فرنسا وأشعلت‭ ‬المقاومة". Hespress (in Arabic). Retrieved 2019-08-29.

[:0-2] Miller, Susan Gilson. (2013). A history of modern Morocco. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-62469-5. OCLC 855022840.

[3] Atlasinfo. "Evènements du 7 avril 1947 à Casablanca, un tournant décisif dans la lutte pour la liberté et l'indépendance". Atlasinfo.fr: l'essentiel de l'actualité de la France et du Maghreb (in French). Retrieved 2019-03-16.

[4] Revisiting the colonial past in Morocco. Maghraoui, Driss. London: Routledge. 2013. p. 151. ISBN 9780415638470. OCLC 793224528.CS1 maint: others (link)

[5] "Discours de Tanger" (PDF).