Te lucis ante terminum
Te lucis ante terminum (English: To Thee before the close of day) is an old Latin hymn in long metre. It is the hymn at Compline in the Roman Breviary.
.jpg.webp)
Origin
The authorship of Ambrose of Milan, for which Pimont contends, is not admitted by the Benedictine editors or by Luigi Biraghi. The hymn is found in a hymnary in Irish script (described by Clemens Blume in his Cursus, etc.) of the eighth or early ninth century; but the classical prosody of its two stanzas (solita in the third line of the original text is the only exception) suggests a much earlier origin. In this hymnary it is assigned, together with the hymn Christe qui splendor et dies (also known as Christe qui lux es et dies), to Compline.
An earlier arrangement (as shown by the Rule of Caesarius of Arles, c. 502) coupled with the Christe qui lux the hymn Christe precamur adnue, and assigned both to the "twelfth hour" of the day for alternate recitation throughout the year. The later introduction of the Te lucis suggests a later origin.
The two hymns Te lucis and Christe qui lux did not maintain everywhere the same relative position; the latter was used in winter, the former in summer and on festivals; while many cathedrals and monasteries replaced the Te lucis by the Christe qui lux from the first Sunday of Lent to Passion Sunday or Holy Thursday, a custom followed by the Dominicans. The old Breviary of the Carthusians used the Christe qui lux throughout the year. The Roman Breviary assigns the Te lucis daily throughout the year, except from Holy Thursday to the Friday after Easter, inclusively. Merati, in his notes on Galvanus's Thesaurus, says that it has always held without variation this place in the Roman Church. As it is sung daily, the Vatican Antiphonary gives it many plainsong settings for the varieties of season and rite.[1]
The text given below is the original version of the hymn. It was altered by Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644). The 1974 Breviary of Pope Paul VI restores the earlier form of the first and last verse, but replaces the second verse with two additional verses. Pope Urban's version is still used by some, especially since the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum authorized continued use of the Roman Breviary in its 1962 form. Most monasteries adopted Pope Paul's form in the 1970s, meaning the original version is seldom sung in monasteries. The following translation by J. M. Neale (1818–1866) is of the original Latin text, rather than of Urban VIII's revised version.
| Original Latin text | Revised Latin text (Urban VIII) | English translation (Neale) |
|---|---|---|
|
Te lucis ante términum, Procul recédant sómnia Præsta, Pater omnípotens, Amen. |
Te lucis ante términum, Procul recédant sómnia Præsta, Pater piíssime, Amen. |
To Thee before the close of day, From all ill dreams defend our sight, O Father, that we ask be done, Amen. |
Alternatives
The 1974 revision replaces the second strophe with the following two strophes from the hymn Christe precamur adnue.[2][3]
| Latin text | English verse translation |
|---|---|
|
Te corda nostra sómnient, Vitam salúbrem tríbue |
Lord, when we sleep, be in our hearts, Your living power breathe from above, |
Musical settings
The text has frequently been set to music. The earliest settings are to plainsong melodies found in the Liber Usualis (one used as the opening of Benjamin Britten's Curlew River); another, from the Sarum Rite, is much used in England. Thomas Tallis composed two memorable settings of the (unrevised) text, among those of other Tudor composers. Henry Balfour Gardiner composed the anthem Evening Hymn on both the Latin text and an English translation, for mixed choir and organ. More recently, the original Latin text was set to music in 2019 by South African composer William Matthewson, and dedicated to the chamber choir of St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town. Its public debut was at the cathedral's Evensong service on the 4th of August 2019.
References
- Notes and references
- The Antiphonary gives it nine melodies (pp. 117–121, 131, 174, 356, 366).
- The relevant text of Christe precamur adnue may be found in A. S. Walpole's Early Latin Hymns, pp. 256–257.
- The English verse translation comes from the Panel of Monastic Musicians' Hymns for Prayer and Praise (1995).
- Sources cited
- Mearns and Julian in Dictionary of Hymnography (2nd ed., London, 1907), 1135, 1710.
- Bagshawe, Breviary Hymns and Missal Sequences (London, s. d.), no. 30;
- Donahoe, Early Christian Hymns (New York, 1908), 41;
- Henry, Hymns of the Little Hours in Ecclesiastical Review (Sept., 1890), 204-09;
- Kent in Shipley, Annus Sanctus, part II, 88;
- Pimont Les hymnes du breviaire romain, I (Paris, 1874), 124-30, defends (128-9) the simple directness of the language of the second stanza.
- Hymns Ancient and Modern, (historical edition, London, 1909), no. 34, gives Latin text and tr., harmonized plain-song and a modern setting credited to the Katholische Geistliche Gesangbuch (Andernach, 1608), no. 163;
- Daniel, Thesaurus Hymnologicus, I,
- Blume, Der Cursus S. Benedicti Nursini, etc. (Leipzig, 1908), 65, 68, 75.
External links
- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Te Lucis Ante Terminum". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.