Tetrahydrofolate riboswitch

Tetrahydrofolate riboswitches are a class of homologous RNAs in certain bacteria that bind tetrahydrofolate (THF).[1] It is almost exclusively located in the probable 5' untranslated regions of protein-coding genes, and most of these genes are known to encode either folate transporters or enzymes involved in folate metabolism. For these reasons it was inferred that the RNAs function as riboswitches. THF riboswitches are found in a variety of Firmicutes, specifically the orders Clostridiales and Lactobacillales, and more rarely in other lineages of bacteria. The THF riboswitch was one of many conserved RNA structures found in a project based on comparative genomics.[2] The 3-d structure of the tetrahydrofolate riboswitch has been solved by separate groups using X-ray crystallography.[3][4] These structures were deposited into the Protein Data Bank under accessions 3SD1 and 3SUX, with other entries containing variants.

Tetrahydrofolate riboswitch
Consensus secondary structure of tetrahydrofolate (THF) riboswitches
Identifiers
SymbolTHF riboswitch
RfamRF01831
Other data
RNA typeRiboswitch
Domain(s)Clostridiales, Lactobacillales
PDB structuresPDBe

References
  1. Ames TD, Rodionov DA, Weinberg Z, Breaker RR (July 2010). "A eubacterial riboswitch class that senses the coenzyme tetrahydrofolate". Chem. Biol. 17 (7): 681–685. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.05.020. PMC 3417113. PMID 20659680.
  2. Weinberg Z, Wang JX, Bogue J, et al. (March 2010). "Comparative genomics reveals 104 candidate structured RNAs from bacteria, archaea and their metagenomes". Genome Biol. 11 (3): R31. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r31. PMC 2864571. PMID 20230605.
  3. Huang L, Ishibe-Murakami S, Patel DJ, Serganov A (September 2011). "Long-range pseudoknot interactions dictate the regulatory response in the tetrahydrofolate riboswitch". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 (36): 14801–14806. doi:10.1073/pnas.1111701108. PMC 3169164. PMID 21873197.
  4. Trausch JJ, Ceres P, Reyes FE, Batey RT (October 2011). "The structure of a tetrahydrofolate-sensing riboswitch reveals two ligand binding sites in a single aptamer". Structure. 19 (10): 1413–1423. doi:10.1016/j.str.2011.06.019. PMC 3196276. PMID 21906956.
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