Texmelucan Zapotec

Texmelucan Zapotec (Central Sola de Vega Zapotec) is an Oto-Manguean language of western Oaxaca, Mexico. It is a divergent Zapotec language, having only 10% intelligibility with its closest relative, Zaniza Zapotec. Both go by the name Papabuco.

Texmelucan Zapotec
(San Lorenzo Texmelucan)
Central Sola de Vega Zapotec
Papabuco
Native toMexico
RegionOaxaca
Native speakers
(4,100 cited 1992)[1]
Oto-Manguean
Language codes
ISO 639-3zpz
Glottologtexm1235
ELPPapabuco (shared)[2]

Phonology

Texmelucan Zapotec has been analyzed with twenty-five consonants /p, b, t, d, k, ky, kw, g, gy, gw, č, ǰ, s, z, š, ž, f, m, n, ñ, ŋ, l, ly, r, h/ (as seen in the chart below) and five vowels /i, e, a, o, u/. Interpreted IPA values are given in square brackets. Vowels may be oral or nasal, and may be plain, laryngealized (written as a doubled vowel), or glottalized (Vʔ).[3]

Texmelucan Zapotec Consonants
Labial Labiodental Dental Alveopalatal Palatal Velar Labialized Velar Glottal
Stop Voiceless p t ky [c] k kw [kʷ]
Voiced b d gy [ɟ] g gw [gʷ]
Affricate Voiceless č [tʃ]
Voiced ǰ [dʒ]
Fricative Voiceless f s š [ʃ] h
Voiced z ž [ʒ]
Nasal m n ñ [ɲ] ŋ
Lateral l ly [ʎ]
Flap r

Syllables may begin with up to two consonants and closed by up to one consonant.

Texmelucan Zapotec has four phonemic tones: high, falling, mid and low. On non-modal vowels, the number of possible tones is reduced: only mid and low tones are found on laryngealized vowels and only high and low tones are found on glottalized (or checked) syllables.[4]

Semantics

The semantics of the verbs 'go', 'come' and 'arrive' in Texmelucan Zapotec, as in other Zapotecan languages, relies on the notion of a deictic base. Each one of these words may be translated by one of a pair of verbs in Texmelucan Zapotec that differ based on whether the motion is toward or away from a deictic base. The deictic base is "is the place where the person in motion normally or expectedly returns", and when mentioned by Texmelucan Zapotec speakers, places like "my country", the town of San Lorenzo Texmelucan, and one's house are always treated as the deictic base.[5] The table below summarizes the features of these six verbs. The cited forms are in the completive aspect and have a third-person masculine subject.

Semantics of 'go', 'come', and 'arrive' in Texmelucan Zapotec
Verb motion ___ location of speech act motion ___ deictic base
go1 byay from towards
go2 gway from away from
come1 byeed yu towards towards
come2 biid yu towards away from
arrive1 briy (one-way motion irrespective of source) towards
arrive2 bruʔnyay (one-way motion irrespective of source) away from

References
  1. Texmelucan Zapotec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Endangered Languages Project data for Papabuco (shared).
  3. Speck, Charles H. (1984). "The Phonology of the Texmelucan Zapotec Verb". International Journal of American Linguistics. 50 (2): 139–164. ISSN 0020-7071.
  4. Speck, Charles (1978). "Texmelucan Zapotec suprasegmental phonology". Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota.
  5. Speck, Charles H.; Pickett, Velma B. (January 1976). "Some Properties of the Texmelucan Zapotec Verbs Go, Come, and Arrive". International Journal of American Linguistics. 42 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1086/465387. ISSN 0020-7071.
  • Speck, Charles H. 1994. Texmelucan Zapotec verbs. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session 38: 125-29
  • Speck, Charles H. 1994. The existential use of positional verbs in Texmelucan Zapotec. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session 38: 75-86.
  • Speck, Charles H. & Velma B. Pickett. 1976. Some properties of the Texmelucan Zapotec verbs go, come, and arrive. International Journal of American Linguistics 42: 58-64.
  • Speck, Charles H., compiler. 1998. Zapotec oral literature; El folklore de San Lorenzo Texmelucan. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.


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