The Nineteenth Century (periodical)

The Nineteenth Century was a British monthly literary magazine founded in 1877 by James Knowles. It is regarded by historians as 'one of the most important and distinguished monthlies of serious thought in the last quarter of the nineteenth century'.[1]

Front Cover of the magazine in September 1905, featuring the Janus-symbol adopted after 1901

Editorial Policy

The magazine was designed as an 'utterly impartial' forum for debate and discussion among leading intellectuals.[2] Many of the early supporters and contributors to The Nineteenth Century were members of the Metaphysical Society, of which Knowles had been secretary. The first issue, for example, contained pieces by former Society members Lord Tennyson, William Gladstone and Cardinal Manning.[3] It quickly became one of the most successful literary magazines in Britain, selling over 20,000 copies a month by early 1878.[4]

An important part of the magazine's success was its regular 'Modern Symposium' section.[5] This offered a series of essays and responses from different authors on subjects such as science or religion, collected together and published as a single structured debate. In this way the magazine quickly gained a reputation as a responsive forum where its contributors were given freedom to disagree without editorial interference.[6] However, the magazine's focus on publishing established literary figures meant that it often excluded younger or unknown writers.[7] Although it generally lived up to its reputation as a 'neutral ground', the magazine did at times abandon impartiality to support positions dear to Knowles himself.[8] For example, it was famously at the forefront of the campaign to prevent the building of a Channel Tunnel between Britain and France in 1882.[9]

The Nineteenth Century and After

In 1901 the title was changed to The Nineteenth Century and After.To emphasise this change, a two-headed Janus-symbol of an old man and a young woman (the former representing the nineteenth century and the latter the twentieth) was added to the cover.[10] Knowles was prevented from simply renaming it The Twentieth Century because the copyright to that name was already owned by someone else, who apparently demanded a ransom for the rights to use it.[11][12]

Knowles remained editor until his death, in 1908.[13] The magazine's title was finally changed to The Twentieth Century in 1951.[14] The magazine ceased publication in 1972.[15]

References
  1. Brake, Laurel; Demoor, Marysa (2009). Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland. Academia Press. p. 456.
  2. Metcalf, Priscilla (1980). James Knowles: Victorian Editor and Architect. Oxford University Press. p. 273.
  3. Metcalf, Knowles, pp. 279-280
  4. Metcalf, Knowles, p. 281
  5. Small, Helen, 'Liberal Editing in the Fortnightly Review and the Nineteenth Century', in Kyriaki Hadjiafxendi and Polina Mackay (eds.) Authorship in Context: From the Theoretical to the Material, Palgrave, 2009, pp. 56-71 (p.67)
  6. Brake and Demoor, Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism, p. 456
  7. Small, 'Liberal Editing', pp. 56, 71
  8. Metcalf, Knowles, p. 295
  9. Wilson, Keith (1994). Channel Tunnel Visions, 1850-1945. Hambledon Press. p. 39.
  10. Metcalf, Knowles, p. 348
  11. Clarke, Arthur C. (1990). Astounding Days: A Science Fictional Autobiography (1st ed.). New York, NY: Bantam Books. p. 56. ISBN 0-553-34822-1.
  12. Metcalf, Knowles, p. 348
  13. Lee, Sidney (1912). "Knowles, James Thomas" . Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  14. Brake and Demoor, Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism, p. 456
  15. "The Twentieth Century". Library Hub Discover. Jisc. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.