Thomas Leigh Gatch

Thomas Leigh Gatch (August 9, 1891 – December 16, 1954) was an American naval officer and attorney in the 20th century. A native of Oregon, and grandson of educator Thomas Milton Gatch, he served in the United States Navy as a ship commander during World War II and Judge Advocate General of the Navy from 1943 to 1945. His last command was as commander of the Atlantic Fleet’s service force.

Thomas Leigh Gatch
Gatch as a young Naval officer
Born(1891-08-09)August 9, 1891
Salem, Oregon
DiedDecember 16, 1954(1954-12-16) (aged 63)
San Diego, California
Place of burial
Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery, San Diego, California
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch United States Navy
Years of service1912–1947
Rank Vice Admiral
Commands heldJudge Advocate General
Atlantic Fleet service force
USS South Dakota
Battles/warsWorld War I
World War II
AwardsNavy Cross (2)
Purple Heart

Early life

Thomas L. Gatch was born on August 9, 1891, in Salem, Oregon to Claude Gatch and the former Helen Plummer.[1] His grandfather had been the president of Willamette University in Salem, and both his father and grandfather served as mayor of the town.[1] Thomas began his college career at Oregon Agricultural College where his grandfather served as president from 1897 to 1907.[1] However he later transferred to the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland and graduated in 1912.[1]

After college, Thomas spent five years at sea before joining the Navy's Judge Advocate General's Office (JAG) in 1919 in Washington, D.C..[1] In DC, he studied law at George Washington University Law School where in 1922 he earned his law degree.[1] Gatch then went back to active duty aboard a ship, before teaching for three years at the Naval Academy.[1]

In 1935, he returned to the JAG's headquarters where he remained through 1938.[1] Gatch then returned to sea until 1940.[1] That year he began serving as Assistant Judge Advocate General, keeping that post until February 1942 after World War II began.[1] Gatch then became commander of the USS South Dakota, a South Dakota-class battleship.[1] Serving in the South Pacific until December 1942, commanding the South Dakota in the Pacific Theater of Operations in battles such as the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands during the Guadalcanal campaign.[1][2][3][4] He received two Navy Crosses for his service.[5] Gatch's time in command was not without controversy. He was, correctly or incorrectly, blamed for a number of incidents involving his command; the grounding of his ship in Tonga in mid-1942, his collision with the destroyer Mahan in late 1942, and the inclusion in his crew of a 12-year-old boy - Calvin Graham - who was wounded during the Guadalcanal campaign. While Gatch's time in command was not without victory and success, his reports were often criticized for gross exaggerations of success. Gatch's actions during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal included a fateful decision to initially engage the Japanese battleship Kirishima with his secondary battery only. During the subsequent fighting, the South Dakota suffered significant casualties, among them Gatch. Gatch was injured by shell splinters when the bridge of the South Dakota was struck by shells from the Kirishima.

In 1943 Gatch was invalided to shore duty, officially due to his wounds.[6] Gatch became the 16th Judge Advocate General of the United States Navy.[1][7] He remained in that position until December 3, 1945, when he became the commander of the service force of the Atlantic Fleet.[1] Vice Admiral Thomas Leigh Gatch retired from the Navy in 1947.[1]

Later life and family

From 1945 to 1947 he served as a trustee at George Washington University.[8] Thomas had one sibling, Orytha.[9] He would have three children with his wife; Thomas Leigh Gatch, Jr., Nancy, and Eleanor.[2] His son Thomas, Jr. attended the United States Army’s service academy at West Point[2] and disappeared in 1974, whilst attempting the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by balloon. After retiring from the Navy, Gatch returned to his native Oregon.[1] Thomas L. Gatch died on December 16, 1954, in San Diego, California, and is buried there at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery.[1][10]

References
  1. Corning, Howard M. Dictionary of Oregon History. Binfords & Mort Publishing, 1956.
  2. 15885 Gatch, Thomas Leigh Jr. (son) West-Point.org. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
  3. Wagons for A.A. Time, Monday, January 11, 1943. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
  4. Shalett, Sidney. 1943. Old Nameless: The Epic of a U.S. Battlewagon. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co.
  5. GATCH, Thomas Leigh. WW2 Awards.com. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
  6. George Meader Oral History
  7. Judge Advocate General: About Us. Archived 2008-03-28 at the Wayback Machine United States Navy: Judge Advocate General Corps. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
  8. Board of Trustees, Members. George Washington University. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
  9. Howe, Sharon. Guide to the Helen Plummer Gatch Photographs Collection 1880-circa 1910. NWDA. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
  10. Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery. Interment.net. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
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