Timeline of Grozny

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.

Prior to 20th century

• 1819 – Groznaya fort built by Russian Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov.[1]
• 1870 – Grozny granted town status in Terek Oblast.
• 1876 – Population: 6,000 (approximate).[2][3]
• 1893 – Oil discovered in Grozny area.[2]
• 1897 – Population: 15,599.[4]
• 1900 – Synagogue opens.[5]

20th century

• 1913 – Population: 34,067.[6]
• 1917 – Groznensky Rabochy newspaper begins publication.
• 1926 – Population: 97,000.[2]
• 1928 – Grozny–Tuapse oil pipeline launched.
• 1929 – City becomes capital of the Chechen Autonomous Oblast.[2]
• 1932 – Electric tramway begins operating.
• 1936 – Chechen-Ingush Philharmonic Society active.[2]
• 1937 – Grozny Music College opens.[2]
• 1938 – Grozney University founded.
• 1939 – Population: 175,000.[2]
• 1944 – Vainakh people in North Caucasus expelled.
• 1946 – Stadium built.
• 1958 – August: 1958 Grozny riots.
• 1965 – Population: 314,000.[7]
• 1973 – January: Ingush demonstrations at Lenin Square.[8]
• 1977 – Grozny Airport terminal built.
• 1980 – Chechen State Teacher Training College founded.
• 1985 – Population: 393,000.[9]
• 1991
  • City becomes capital of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
  • Beslan Gantemirov becomes mayor.[10]
  • Lenin Square renamed "Sheikh Mansur Square."
  • 9 November: Pro-Chechnya demonstration at Freedom Square.[11]
• 1993 – 15 April: Demonstration against Dzhokhar Dudayev.[12]
• 1994
  • 13 June: Conflict.[13]
  • 15 October: "Opposition forces attack" city.[13]
  • 26–27 November: Battle of Grozny.
  • 28 December: Battle of Khankala occurs near city.
  • 31 December: Battle of Grozny (1994–95) begins.
  • Population: 370,000 (estimate).[2]
• 1995
  • January: Battle of Grozny.[13]
  • 19 January: Presidential Palace captured by Russian forces.[14]
  • Population: 60,000 (approximate).[13]
• 1996
  • Presidential Palace, Grozny demolished.
  • May: Conflict.[13]
  • 6–20 August: Battle of Grozny.[15]
  • Mayor Beslan Gantemirov arrested for embezzlement.[10]
  • Islamic Youth Centre opens (approximate date).[16]
• 1997
  • City renamed "Dzokhar-Ghala."[12]
  • June: Mayoral election declared invalid.[17]
• 1999
  • 1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya.
  • 21 October: Grozny ballistic missile attack.[13]
  • 3 December: Refugee convoy shooting occurs near city.
  • 25 December: Battle of Grozny (1999–2000) begins.[13][18]
• 2000
  • 30 January: Mayor Lecha Dudayev killed.[19]
  • February: Russian forces take city.[15][20]
  • 5 February: Novye Aldi massacre occurs near city.
  • 14 February: City "sealed."[21]
  • 2 March: Grozny OMON fratricide incident.
  • April: Land mines cleared; civilians begin returning to city.[13]
  • Grozneftegaz oil company headquartered in Grozny.[22]

21st century

• 2001 – 17 September: Mi-8 crash.
• 2002
  • 18 April: 2002 Grozny OMON ambush.
  • 30 June: Peace rally at Teatralnaya Square.[23]
  • 19 August: 2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash near city.
  • 27 December: Truck bombing.[15]
  • Population: 205,000.[2]
• 2003 – Movsar Temirbayev becomes mayor.
• 2004
  • 9 May: Explosion at stadium; Akhmad Kadyrov killed.[15][24]
  • 21–22 August: 2004 Grozny raid.
• 2006 – Population: 240,000 (estimate).[25]
• 2007 – Muslim Khuchiyev becomes mayor.
• 2008
  • Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque opens.[26]
  • 11 October: The 5.8 M_w  Chechnya earthquake shook the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). Damage was limited in Grozny, but 13 were killed and 116 were injured in the districts of Gudermes, Shalinsky and Kurchaloyevsky.
  • Victory Avenue renamed "Putin Avenue."[27][28]
• 2010
  • 19 October: Chechen Parliament attack.
  • Population: 271,600 (estimate).[29]
• 2011 – Grozny-City Towers and Terek Stadium built.[30]
• 2012
  • Islam Kadyrov becomes mayor.[31]
  • Lermontov Drama Theatre rebuilt.[32]
• 2013 – 3 April: Fire in Olympus Tower.[33]
• 2014 – 4 December: 2014 Grozny clashes.
• 2015 – March: Rally in support of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.[34]

See also

• Grozny history (ru)
• Administrative divisions of Chechnya
• Other names of Grozny
• Timelines of other cities in the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia: Makhachkala

References

1. Élisée Reclus (1876), The Earth and its Inhabitants, Edited by A.H. Keane, London: Virtue & Co.
2. Amjad Jaimoukha (2005), The Chechens: a Handbook, Routledge, ISBN 9780415323284
3. Murray 1888.
4. Britannica 1910.
5. "Grozny". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
6. "Russia: Principal Towns: Caucasia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
7. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
8. Russia, the Ingush-Ossetian Conflict in the Prigorodnyi Region. Human Rights Watch. 1996. ISBN 1564321657.
9. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
10. Kimberly Zisk Marten (2012), Warlords: Strong-arm Brokers in Weak States, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, ISBN 9780801450761
11. Monica Duffy Toft (2003), The Geography of Ethnic Violence, Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691113548
12. Carlotta Gall; Thomas de Waal (1998), Chechnya: calamity in the Caucasus, New York: New York University Press, ISBN 0814729630
13. Ian Jeffries (2002), The New Russia: a Handbook of Economic and Political Developments, RoutledgeCurzon, ISBN 9780700716210
14. Bogdan Szajkowski (1995). "Chechnia: The Empire Strikes Back". GeoJournal. 37.
15. "Chechnya Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
16. Julie Wilhelmsen (2005). "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Islamisation of the Chechen Separatist Movement". Europe-Asia Studies. 57.
17. "Grozny Elections Declared Invalid". Moscow Times. 3 June 1997.
18. "Chechen rebels told to surrender". BBC News. 2 February 2000.
19. "Chechen Rebels Report Loss of 3 Commanders". Los Angeles Times. 2 February 2000.
20. "'Nothing Is Left' in Grozny, Returning Refugees Discover". New York Times. 12 February 2000.
21. "Russians Order Grozny Residents To Leave, Sealing Off Ruined City". New York Times. 15 February 2000.
22. "Grozneftegaz". Rosneft. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
23. Paul J. Murphy (2010), Allah's angels: Chechen women in war, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN 9781591145424
24. "Chechnya Bomb Kills President, a Blow to Putin". New York Times. 10 May 2004.
25. C.J. Chivers (3 May 2006). "Spring rebuilding in Chechnya". New York Times.
26. Alexei V. Malashenko; Aziza Nuritova (2009). "Islam in Russia". Social Research. 76.
27. "A Chechen avenue is named for Putin". New York Times. 6 October 2008.
28. "The Wild South: Russia's treatment of its republics in the Caucasus has turned them into tinderboxes". The Economist. London. 27 November 2008.
29. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
30. Seth Mydans (5 October 2011). "Gleaming City Rising From Ruins Can't Hide Psychic Scars of a War". New York Times.
31. Territories of the Russian Federation 2013. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 978-1857436754.
32. "Chechen drama theatre starts new season". Voice of Russia. 21 March 2012.
33. "Chechnya skyscraper on fire". The Guardian. UK. 4 April 2013.
34. "Week in the Caucasus: review of main events of March 16–22". Caucasian Knot. 23 March 2015.

This article incorporates information from the Russian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in 19th–20th centuries

• "Groznaya", Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (4th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1888
• "Grosnyi". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
• "Groznyi", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive

Published in 21st century

• "New Violence May Cut Short Chechnya's Modest Progress". Washington Post. 12 May 2004.
• Seth Mydans (1 June 2004). "In a Ruined City, Even the Rubble Is Taken From Them". New York Times.
• C.J. Chivers (19 October 2008). "Grozny, and Chechen History, being Reconstructed". New York Times.
• I. Demchenko (2013). "The Illusion of Peace: The Reconstruction of Grozny and the New Chechen Identity". In Sarah Moser (ed.). New Cities in the Muslim World. London: Reaktion. ISBN 978-94-007-4684-8.
• Margaret Evans (11 February 2013). "Grozny's makeover can't mask Chechen menace". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

External links

• Yulia Vishnevets (26 March 2007). "Грозный" [Grozny]. (photos of city)
• City of Grozny (2009). "Post-conflict Restoration of the City of Grozny". Archived from the original on 2013-07-05.