Tower karst

Tower karst are tall rock structures made up of soluble rock known as karst. Tower karst forms as near-vertical joints and fractures are eroded downward by solution leaving parts of a previously coherent rock mass isolated from each other.[1] Tower karst is most common in tropical regions,[1] although it may form in other climates as well.[2]

Tower karst at Li River, Guilin, China

Examples include Khao Phing Kan, also known as James Bond Island, in Thailand, and Cat Ba Island in Vietnam.[3]

References

"Cave: Cone and tower karst". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
Brook, G.A.; Ford, D.C. (1978). "The origin of labyrinth and tower karst and the climatic conditions necessary for their development". Nature. 275 (5680): 493–496. doi:10.1038/275493a0.
Gleeson, Tom (November 4, 2017). "Of Karst! – short episodes about karst". Water Underground. American Geophysical Union. Retrieved November 23, 2020.

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[britt-1] "Cave: Cone and tower karst". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 8, 2019.

[2] Brook, G.A.; Ford, D.C. (1978). "The origin of labyrinth and tower karst and the climatic conditions necessary for their development". Nature. 275 (5680): 493–496. doi:10.1038/275493a0.

[3] Gleeson, Tom (November 4, 2017). "Of Karst! – short episodes about karst". Water Underground. American Geophysical Union. Retrieved November 23, 2020.