Trading with the enemy

Trading with the enemy is a legal term of English origin that is used with a number of related meanings. It refers to:

An offence at common law and under statute
A ground for condemnation of ships in prize proceedings
A ground for illegality and nullity in contract[1]

United Kingdom

The statutory offence is now created by section 1 of the Trading with the Enemy Act 1939.

References

McNair, Sir Arnold Duncan. Legal Effects of War. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. 1944. Chapter 7.

English criminal law
Classes of crimes	Indictable Either way Summary Regulatory (lowered mens rea) Statutory Common law
Elements of crimes	Actus reus Causation Mens rea Intention (criminal law) Intention in English law Recklessness Criminal negligence Corporate / Vicarious / Strict liability Omissions
Doctrines	Lesser included offences Concurrence Ignorantia juris non excusat
Inchoate offences	Encouraging or assisting a crime Conspiracy Accessory Attempt Common purpose
Defences	Self-defence Duress Necessity Loss of control Consent inc. participation in a sporting event Medical procedures Prevention of crime Lawful excuse Insanity Diminished responsibility Intoxication Category:Criminal defences
Offences against the person	Homicide (Murder / Manslaughter / Corporate manslaughter / Infanticide) Unlawful killing concealing stillbirth or an infanticide Child destruction Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm Assault occasioning actual bodily harm Common assault Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence Assault with intent to rob Robbery Assault with intent to rape Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty Battery Kidnapping Child abduction False imprisonment Harassment Offences Against the Person Act 1861 Treason
Sexual offences	Rape Sexual assault Sexual Offences Act 2003
Public order offences	Riot Violent disorder Affray Unlawful assembly Fear or provocation of violence Harassment, alarm or distress intent aggravates Public Order Act 1986 Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred Nuisance Causing Public nuisance Outraging public decency Effecting a public mischief Keeping a disorderly house Preventing the lawful burial of a body Breach of the peace Rout Forcible entry Accessory (legal term) Misconduct in a public office Misfeasance in public office Abuse of authority Perjury of oath Dereliction of duty
Offences against property	Arson Dishonesty Cheating (law) Burglary Robbery Theft Criminal damage Squatting Trespass Taking without owner's consent Deception Handling stolen goods Misappropriation of funds Blackmail Extortion Cybercrime Theft Act 1968 Theft Act 1978 Fraud Act 2006 Fraud by abuse of position Conspiracy to defraud Fare evasion Webcam blackmail
Forgery, personation and cheating	Forgery Cheating the public revenue Uttering
Offences against justice	Bribery Perjury Perverting the course of justice Witness intimidation Witness tampering Misprision of treason Jury tampering Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty Harboring a fugitive Encouraging or assisting a crime Escape from lawful custody Obstruction of justice Obstruction of a police officer Wasting police time Refusing to assist a constable Sedition Espionage Contempt of court Fabrication of false evidence Breach of prison / breaking prison Rescuing a prisoner
Other common law areas	Contract Tort Property Wills Trusts and estates Evidence Criminal procedure
English law portal For obsolete aspects see History of English criminal law table

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Trading with the enemy

United Kingdom

See also

References