Transstadial transmission

Transstadial transmission occurs when a pathogen remains with the vector from one life stage ("stadium") to the next.[1][2][3] For example, the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent for Lyme disease, infects the tick vector as a larva, and the infection is maintained when it molts to a nymph and later develops as an adult.[1][2] This type of transmission is seen in other parasites like viruses or Rickettsia.[3] In addition to ticks, mites are another common vector.[3][4] Some sources consider transstadial transmission a type of horizontal transmission,[5][6] whereas other sources consider it vertical or partial vertical transmission.[7][8]

Transovarial and transstadial transmission of the Ixodes tick

Transstadial blockage could be considered the opposite of transstadial transmission, where the parasite cannot be carried over from one life stage to the next.[4] For example, viruses that undergo transstadial blockage will have decreased infectivity in molting insects.[4]

See also

References
  1. Anna Rovid Spickler; James A. Roth; Jane Galyon; Jeanne Lofstedt (January 2010). Emerging and Exotic Diseases of Animals, 4th Edition. CFSPH Iowa State University. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-9745525-8-3. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  2. Jesse L. Goodman; David Tappen Dennis; Daniel E. Sonenshine (2005). Tick-borne diseases of humans. ASM Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-55581-238-6. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  3. Peter Lydyard; Michael Cole; John Holton; Will Irving; Nino Porakishvili; Pradhib Venkatesan; Kate Ward (1 January 2010). Case Studies in Infectious Disease. Garland Science. pp. 1695–6. ISBN 978-1-135-15313-7. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  4. K.C. Ling (1975). Rice Virus Diseases. IRRI. p. 14. ISBN 978-971-22-0242-1. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  5. Walter Werner Holland (1984). Oxford textbook of public health. Oxford University Press. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-19-261448-3. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  6. Dhaar. Foundations of Community Medicine, 2/e. Elsevier India. p. 492. ISBN 978-81-312-1055-0. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  7. George Gordh; Gordon Gordh; David Headrick (22 May 2003). A Dictionary of Entomology. CABI. pp. 971–. ISBN 978-0-85199-655-4. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  8. Bruce F. Eldridge; John D. Edman (2004). Medical Entomology: A Textbook on Public Health and Veterinary Problems Caused by Arthropods. Springer. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4020-1794-0. Retrieved 3 April 2012.


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