Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises

Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises (TTK) is the heavily subsidized state owned enterprise which has a virtual monopoly in mining, processing and distribution, including importing, of hard coal in Turkey.[note 1][3][4] According to 21st century data up to 2014 Armutcuk, Karadon and Uzulmez were more hazardous than Amasra and Kozlu mines.[5] Although coal mining accidents in Turkey decreased considerably after the government introduced tougher safety measures in the mid-2010s,[6] the relative danger compared to other occupations since then is not publicly known, as the government restricted access to workplace death statistics.[7]

This article is about the organization which mines hard coal. For the organization which mines lignite, see Turkish Coal Operations Authority.
Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises
Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu
AbbreviationTTK
Formation1983
TypeState Owned Enterprise
HeadquartersZonguldak
Productshard coal
Official language
Turkish
Websitetaskomuru.gov.tr

Sources
  • Doukas, Alex; Gençsü, Ipek (June 2019). "Turkey: G20 coal subsidies" (PDF). Overseas Development Institute.

Notes
  1. Taşkömür (literally stone coal) in Turkish means "hard coal". On Wikipedia, hard coal redirects to "anthracite". However total organic carbon of Turkish coal is up to 72.5%,[1] whereas anthracite has over 86%.[2] Therefore Turkey has no anthracite and the use of the phrase "hard coal" for coal mined in Turkey does not mean anthracite.

References
  1. Şen, Şamil (2020-10-15). "Natural fracture, cleat, and strong adsorption impact on low oil and condensate retention in the Carboniferous shales and coals of the western Black Sea Basin of Turkey". AAPG Bulletin. 104 (10): 2125–2143. doi:10.1306/02262017372. ISSN 0149-1423.
  2. "Coal explained - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  3. Doukas (2019), p. 2
  4. Haber7. "TTK'nin ana statüsünü belirlendi". Haber7 (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-05.
  5. Erdogan, H. H.; Duzgun, H. S.; Selcuk-Kestel, A. S. (2019-05-01). "Quantitative hazard assessment for Zonguldak Coal Basin underground mines". International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 29 (3): 453–467. doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.11.004. ISSN 2095-2686.
  6. "Illegal coal mine collapse kills 2 workers in northern Turkey's Zonguldak". DailySabah. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  7. Şahin (2016), p. 36


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