UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase

UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase is a cytosolic enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGDH gene.[5][6][7]

UGDH
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2Q3E, 2QG4, 3ITK, 3KHU, 3PRJ, 3PTZ, 3TDK, 3TF5, 4EDF, 4QEJ, 4RJT
Identifiers
Aliases	UGDH, GDH, UDP-GlcDH, UDPGDH, UGD, UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase, EIEE84
External IDs	OMIM: 603370 MGI: 1306785 HomoloGene: 2520 GeneCards: UGDH
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4p14 Start 39,498,755 bp[1] End 39,528,311 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 C3.1|5 33.67 cM Start 65,413,221 bp[2] End 65,435,949 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • NAD binding • catalytic activity • oxidoreductase activity • electron transfer activity • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor • UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity Cellular component • nucleoplasm • extracellular exosome • cell nucleus • cytosol Biological process • UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process • gastrulation with mouth forming second • metabolism • UDP-glucose metabolic process • oxidation-reduction process • glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process • electron transport chain • heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process • chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process • protein hexamerization • carbohydrate metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7358	22235
Ensembl	ENSG00000109814	ENSMUSG00000029201
UniProt	O60701	O70475
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001184700 NM_001184701 NM_003359	NM_009466
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001171629 NP_001171630 NP_003350	NP_033492
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 39.5 – 39.53 Mb	Chr 5: 65.41 – 65.44 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The protein encoded by this gene converts UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate and thereby participates in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate. These glycosylated compounds are common components of the extracellular matrix and likely play roles in signal transduction, cell migration, and cancer growth and metastasis. The expression of this gene is up-regulated by transforming growth factor beta and down-regulated by hypoxia.[7]

This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: pentose and glucuronate interconversions, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and nucleotide sugars metabolism.

Loss of UGDH has recently been implicated in epileptic encephalopathy in humans[8]

Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:NAD⁺ 6-oxidoreductase.

Other names in common use include:

• UDP-glucose dehydrogenase,
• uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase,
• UDPG dehydrogenase,
• UDPG:NAD oxidoreductase,
• UDP-alpha-D-glucose:NAD oxidoreductase,
• UDP-glucose:NAD⁺ oxidoreductase,
• uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase,
• UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase, and
• uridine diphosphate D-glucose dehydrogenase.

Biochemistry

UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
Identifiers
EC number	1.1.1.22
CAS number	9028-26-6
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / QuickGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

In enzymology, a UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-glucose + 2 NAD⁺ + H₂O ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ UDP-glucuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H⁺

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose, NAD⁺, and H₂O, whereas its 3 products are UDP-glucuronate, NADH, and H⁺

References:[9][10][11][12]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109814 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029201 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Spicer AP, Kaback LA, Smith TJ, Seldin MF (Sep 1998). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human and mouse UDP-glucose dehydrogenase genes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (39): 25117–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.39.25117. PMID 9737970.
6. Marcu O, Stathakis DG, Marsh JL (Jan 2000). "Assignment of the UGDH locus encoding UDP-glucose dehydrogenase to human chromosome band 4p15.1 by radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 86 (3–4): 244–5. doi:10.1159/000015350. PMID 10575217. S2CID 25740995.
7. "Entrez Gene: UGDH UDP-glucose dehydrogenase".
8. Hengel, H., Bosso-Lefèvre, C., Grady, G. et al. Loss-of-function mutations in UDP-Glucose 6-Dehydrogenase cause recessive developmental epileptic encephalopathy. Nat Commun 11, 595 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14360-7
9. Druzhinina TN, Kusov YY, Shibaev VN, Kochetkov NK, Bielý P, Kucár S, Bauer S (Feb 1975). "Uridine diphosphate 2-deoxyglucose. Chemical synthesis, enzymic oxidation and epimerization". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 381 (2): 301–7. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(75)90236-6. PMID 1091296.
10. Kalckar HM, Maxwell ES, Strominger JL (Nov 1956). "Some properties of uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 65 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(56)90171-0. PMID 13373402.
11. Strominger JL, Mapson LW (Aug 1957). "Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase of pea seedlings". The Biochemical Journal. 66 (4): 567–72. doi:10.1042/bj0660567. PMC 1200063. PMID 13459898.
12. Axelrod J, Kalckar HM, Maxwell ES, Strominger JL (Jan 1957). "Enzymatic formation of uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 224 (1): 79–90. PMID 13398389.

Further reading

• Peng HL, Lou MD, Chang ML, Chang HY (Oct 1998). "cDNA cloning and expression analysis of the human UDPglucose dehydrogenase". Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China. Part B, Life Sciences. 22 (4): 166–72. PMID 9850599.
• Bontemps Y, Maquart FX, Wegrowski Y (Sep 2000). "Human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene: complete cloning and transcription start mapping". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 275 (3): 981–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3389. PMID 10973831.
• Bontemps Y, Vuillermoz B, Antonicelli F, Perreau C, Danan JL, Maquart FX, Wegrowski Y (Jun 2003). "Specific protein-1 is a universal regulator of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase expression: its positive involvement in transforming growth factor-beta signaling and inhibition in hypoxia". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (24): 21566–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209366200. PMID 12682078.
• Sommer BJ, Barycki JJ, Simpson MA (May 2004). "Characterization of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. CYS-276 is required for the second of two successive oxidations". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (22): 23590–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401928200. PMID 15044486.
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW (Jun 2004). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nature Biotechnology. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197. S2CID 27764390.
• Huh JW, Yoon HY, Lee HJ, Choi WB, Yang SJ, Cho SW (Sep 2004). "Importance of Gly-13 for the coenzyme binding of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (36): 37491–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404234200. PMID 15247292.
• Huh JW, Lee HJ, Choi MM, Yang SJ, Yoon SY, Kim DW, Kim SY, Choi SY, Cho SW (2005). "Identification of a UDP-glucose-binding site of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase by photoaffinity labeling and cassette mutagenesis". Bioconjugate Chemistry. 16 (3): 710–6. doi:10.1021/bc0500387. PMID 15898741.
• Vatsyayan J, Peng HL, Chang HY (Jun 2005). "Analysis of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene promoter: identification of an Sp1 binding site crucial for the expression of the large transcript". Journal of Biochemistry. 137 (6): 703–9. doi:10.1093/jb/mvi082. PMID 16002992.
• Wang L, Zhu YF, Guo XJ, Huo R, Ma X, Lin M, Zhou ZM, Sha JH (Oct 2005). "A two-dimensional electrophoresis reference map of human ovary". Journal of Molecular Medicine. 83 (10): 812–21. doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0676-y. PMID 16021519. S2CID 6644433.
• Vatsyayan J, Lin CT, Peng HL, Chang HY (Feb 2006). "Identification of a cis-acting element responsible for negative regulation of the human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene expression". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 70 (2): 401–10. doi:10.1271/bbb.70.401. PMID 16495656. S2CID 25853385.
• Huh JW, Robinson RC, Lee HS, Lee JI, Heo YS, Kim HT, Lee HJ, Cho SW, Choe H (2006). "Expression, purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-Ray analysis of the human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase". Protein and Peptide Letters. 13 (8): 859–62. doi:10.2174/092986606777841253. PMID 17073734. S2CID 28298102.
• Easley KE, Sommer BJ, Boanca G, Barycki JJ, Simpson MA (Jan 2007). "Characterization of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase reveals critical catalytic roles for lysine 220 and aspartate 280". Biochemistry. 46 (2): 369–78. doi:10.1021/bi061537d. PMID 17209547.