Unity Party (Hungary)

Unity Party
Unity Party; Egységes Párt
	Logo of the party seen during the early to late 1930s.
Leader	István Bethlen (1922-1932); Gyula Gömbös (1932-1936); Béla Imrédy (1938-1939); Miklós Kállay (1942-1944)
Founder	István Bethlen
Founded	2 February 1922
Dissolved	23 March 1944
Merger of	KNEP and OKGFP
Headquarters	Budapest, Hungary
Ideology	Szeged Idea[1][2] Hungarian nationalism; National conservatism[3]; Christian nationalism; Agrarianism; Social conservatism; Anti-communism; Antisemitism;
Political position	Right-wing to far-right (until 1932) ; Far-right (1932-1944)
Diet of Hungary (1939)	181 / 260
Party flag
	Politics of Hungary; Political parties; Elections;

The Unity Party (Hungarian: Egységes Párt) was a political party in the Kingdom of Hungary that was founded in 1921.[4] The party was founded by Prime Minister István Bethlen and shortly afterward won a majority of seats in the Hungarian parliament in the 1922 elections.[5] On 27 October 1932, the party was renamed National Unity Party (Hungarian: Nemzeti Egység Pártja), while since 2 February 1939 the name was Party of Hungarian Life (Hungarian: Magyar Élet Pártja).

The party was sometimes nicknamed "the Government Party," since it was the governing party of Hungary for its entire existence.[6]

The party, initially more agrarian and conservative, grew similar to fascist movements, establishing a militia.[7] The trend toward fascism came under Gyula Gömbös, who was Prime Minister from 1932 to 1936.[6] Gömbös declared the party's intention to achieve "total control of the nation's social life".[8] In the 1935 Hungarian Election, Gömbös promoted the creation of a "unitary Hungarian nation with no class distinctions".[9]

The party won a huge majority of the seats of the Hungarian parliament in the Hungarian election of May 1939.[10] It won 72 percent of the parliament's seats and won 49 percent of the popular vote in the election.[11] This was a major breakthrough for the far-right in Hungary.[11] The party promoted nationalist propaganda and some of its members sympathized with the Nazi Arrow Cross Party.[11]

A faction of the most pro-Nazi members led by the party's former leader Béla Imrédy split from the party October 1940 to form the Party of Hungarian Renewal (Magyar Megújulás Pártja) that sought to explicitly solve the Jewish Problem.

Electoral results

National Assembly

Election	Votes			Seats		Rank	Government	Leader
Election	#	%	±pp	#	+/−	Rank	Government	Leader
1922	623,201	38.2%	38.2	140 / 245	140	1st	Unity Party	István Bethlen
1926	482,086	42.2%	4.0	161 / 245	21	1st	Unity Party	István Bethlen
1931	603,576	40.0%	2.2	149 / 245	12	1st	Unity Party	István Bethlen
1935	879,474	44.6%	4.6	164 / 245	15	1st	Party of National Unity	Gyula Gömbös
1939	1,824,573	49.5%	4.9	181 / 260	17	1st	Party of Hungarian Life	Pál Teleki

References

Stanley G. Payne. A history of fascism, 1914-1945. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 2005. pp. 269.
Miklós Lackó. "Arrow-cross men, national socialists, 1935-1944", Studia historica, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. Volume 61. Akadémiai Kiadó, 1969. Pp. 65.
Häkkinen, Ville (2019). From Counterrevolution to Consolidation?. JYU. p. 99.
Gregory Curtis Ference. Chronology of 20th-century eastern European history. Gale Research, Inc., 1994. Pp. 226.
Vincent E. McHale, Sharon Skowronski. Political Parties of Europe: Albania-Norway. Greenwood Press, 1983. Pp. 500.
Payne, Stanley G. (1996). A History of Fascism, 1914-1945. Routledge. ISBN 0203501322.
Philip Morgan. Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945. London, England, UK: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 76-77.
Philip Morgan. Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945. London, England, UK: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 76.
F. L. Carsten. The rise of fascism. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 1982. Pp. 173.
Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák. A History of Hungary. First paperback edition. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: Indiana University Press, 1994. Pp. 341.
Georgi Karasimeonov. Cleavages, parties, and voters: studies from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 70.

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[1] Stanley G. Payne. A history of fascism, 1914-1945. Oxon, England, UK: Routledge, 2005. pp. 269.

[2] Miklós Lackó. "Arrow-cross men, national socialists, 1935-1944", Studia historica, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. Volume 61. Akadémiai Kiadó, 1969. Pp. 65.

[3] Häkkinen, Ville (2019). From Counterrevolution to Consolidation?. JYU. p. 99.

[4] Gregory Curtis Ference. Chronology of 20th-century eastern European history. Gale Research, Inc., 1994. Pp. 226.

[5] Vincent E. McHale, Sharon Skowronski. Political Parties of Europe: Albania-Norway. Greenwood Press, 1983. Pp. 500.

[Payne-6] Payne, Stanley G. (1996). A History of Fascism, 1914-1945. Routledge. ISBN 0203501322.

[7] Philip Morgan. Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945. London, England, UK: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 76-77.

[8] Philip Morgan. Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945. London, England, UK: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 76.

[9] F. L. Carsten. The rise of fascism. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 1982. Pp. 173.

[10] Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák. A History of Hungary. First paperback edition. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: Indiana University Press, 1994. Pp. 341.

[Karasimeonov-11] Georgi Karasimeonov. Cleavages, parties, and voters: studies from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 70.