Victor Maghakian

Victor Maghakian, also known as Captain Victor "Transport" Maghakian (Armenian: Վիգդոր Մաղաքեան) (December 30, 1915 – August 17, 1977), was an Armenian American member of the United States Marine Corps during World War II.[1][2] Having received over two dozen medals and awards, he is considered one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war.[2][3][4][5]

Victor Maghakian
Native name
Վիգդոր Մաղաքեան
Nickname(s)Transport
Born(1915-12-30)December 30, 1915
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedAugust 17, 1977(1977-08-17) (aged 61)
Fresno, California, U.S
Buried
Armenian Ararat Cemetery
(36.74559°N 119.834365°W / 36.74559; -119.834365)
AllegianceUnited States of America
Service/branch United States Marine Corps
Years of service1936–1939
1942–1946
Rank Captain
Service number251055
UnitSecond Marine Raider Battalion
Battles/warsSino-Japanese War

World War II:

Awards
Other workHotel executive, security consultant and member of the Nevada Gaming Control Board

Life

Victor Maghakian was born on December 30, 1915, in Chicago, Illinois, to an Armenian family and was the oldest of four brothers and three sisters. Maghakian's great-grandfather was a caravan driver in the Middle-East and was respected for his military prowess.[6] It is noted that his great-grandfather killed 112 enemy Turkish soldiers in his lifetime.[6] Maghakian's father worked in the steel mill. Victor took up much of the responsibility of raising his younger siblings. It was noted by his sister in 2008 that "he was a quiet and dedicated man and was always very calm, except for war. He was such a giving man."[6] In 1930, the Maghakian family moved to San Diego, California, where he originally decided to join the United States Navy. However, on the way to see the recruiter, Maghakian stopped by to watch Pride of the Marines (1936) starring Charles Bickford. After gaining inspiration from the movie, Maghakian decided not to join the Navy and instead enlist in the Marines.[6] Having lived in San Diego for nine years, the Maghakian family moved to Fresno, California, where they lived next to the family of writer William Saroyan on the corner of M Street and Monterrey Avenue in Old Armenia Town.[7]

In 1936, after Maghakian enlisted in the Marine Corps, he was sent to Asia. He was stationed in the Philippines and China for four years. During the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) he was a member of the expedition force in Shanghai.[4] After being sent to many countries, Maghakian's understanding of foreign bases and societies earned him the nickname "Transport."[7] Other sources say however that he was nicknamed as such because he handled transportation vehicles well.[6] In 1939 Maghakian returned to Fresno where he became a Fresno County deputy sheriff and was assigned to safeguard power installations and dams of the California Edison Company near the Sierra Nevada.[3] Upon hearing news of the Pearl Harbor attack and America's subsequent participation in the war effort, Maghakian reenlisted in the Marine Corps on January 3, 1942.[7] His brothers Harry and Michael also served. During his service with the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions and the Raiders, Maghakian fought in seven major battles and was wounded three times.[8]

After his participation in World War II, Maghakian became 60 percent disabled. He was a patient at the U.S. Naval hospital in Quantico, Virginia, in October 1945. He then went for more treatment at the Naval hospital in Philadelphia. In 1946, he was subsequently discharged from military duty as a Captain.[3][7][9] He returned to Fresno and later moved to Las Vegas where he became a hotel executive and a security consultant from 1954 to 1974.[7][9][10] He was also a member of the Nevada Gaming Control Board.[9]

In 1974, Maghakian returned to Fresno, dying on August 17, 1977, at the age of 61. He is buried at the Armenian Ararat Cemetery in Fresno.[11]

World War II

During the war in 1942, Victor Maghakian immediately applied to join the Second Marine Raider Battalion under the command of Colonel Evans Carlson.[12] Maghakian was already acquainted with Carlson during his previous service as a Marine.[13] The Battalion was known for its tough stance on accepting only the best Marines, where only 900 out of 15,000 were accepted, Maghakian at the time being one of them.[7] The battalion carried out harsh training exercises which included mountain climbing, beach landings, martial arts and 30 to 50 mile daily hikes.

Makin Island raid

The first mission of the battalion was to deceive the Japanese into believing that a large number of American troops were going to invade Makin Island of the Gilbert Islands. This event would later come to be known as the Makin Island raid. Out of 900 members of the battalion, Maghakian was selected as one of the 222 to participate.[7] The raid was launched on August 17, 1942, as Maghakian led the charge onto the beachhead with a landing force but was the first casualty in this operation suffering from a forearm wound while waving his hand for instructions.[6][14] As the battle continued, Maghakian wrapped up his forearm wounds and struggled to remain conscious. Nevertheless, he managed to repulse an enemy attack with a grenade and bayoneted Japanese soldiers.[7] After receiving first aid and defying orders, he returned to the front fifteen minutes later and remained there while leading his men until directed by the Medical Officer to return to the rear.[15] For his efforts during the raid, he was awarded with the Navy Cross by the United States Navy, the second highest military decoration for valor and extraordinary heroism in combat.[16]

Guadalcanal Campaign
U.S. Marines arrive at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on 26 August 1942 on board the U.S. submarine Nautilus following their raid on Makin Island

After the raid, Maghakian along with other marines received treatment at Pearl Harbor. His name was added onto a list of soldiers who were to return home. When Maghakian overheard of the plans for the campaign of Guadalcanal, he got in touch with Evans Carlson and expressed his desire to join the campaign. Within an hour, Maghakian was taken off the return list. Although his arm was still in a cast stemming from his previous injury, he was shipped to Guadalcanal two weeks later.[13]

During the campaign, Maghakian and other Raiders were ambushed under hostile sniper and machine gun fire by Japanese troops. One of the machine gunners managed to mortally wound Maghakian's companion, Jack Miller. Maghakian then stood up and exposed himself so that the enemy soldiers would come out of their hiding spots. As the Japanese soldiers appeared, they were gunned down by the Raiders.[7][17] Maghakian was wounded once more in the wrist and the watch he was wearing became embedded in his skin and bone.[7][13] After the campaign, Maghakian returned to the mainland and spent two months in a navy hospital in Oakland, California. During this time, Maghakian married his wife Vera Karaoglanian (June 29, 1916 – March 20, 1984).[13]

Battle of Kwajalein

In January 1944, Maghakian volunteered to participate in another assault, that of one against Kwajalein Atoll of the Marshall Islands in what would be called the Battle of Kwajalein. On January 31, the Marine Corps landed on the island and within an hour managed to kill 18 Japanese soldiers and take two prisoners. Maghakian is credited for killing the last five enemy soldiers who were encamped in a trench in the northernmost point of the islet. Remarking on the attack, Maghakian was quoted as saying, "It was an easy job, like shooting fish in a barrel. I simply fired 30 rounds with my carbine and threw a grenade, and that was all. Not very interesting."[13]

Battle of Eniwetok
Sgt. Victor Maghakian in July 1944 with Japanese soldier's family found hiding in a cave and urged to come out by Chamorro guides with Marine units in Saipan.

After success at Kwajalein, Maghakian and Marine scouts landed on the Eniwetok Atoll, an island 350 miles north of Kwajalein in February 1944. The scouts hopped from one of the Atoll islands to the next, managing to take control of six islands. Orders soon arrived to secure more islands in the south. As the scouts patrolled the islets in the morning, the company smelled smoke that was distinguishable from Navy shelling. When following the footprints that were spotted on the beach shore, it led the platoon to a pile of palm fronds under a coconut tree. The platoon was ambushed by Japanese machine gun fire. Maghakian managed to gun down the ambushers with his carbine. As the battle ensued, Maghakian killed the last four Japanese soldiers on Mellu island. During the battle, Maghakian saved the life of a young Lee Marvin.[7] During the night, numerous Japanese soldiers attempted to attack the Marine encampment. However, these efforts ended in failure with seventeen Japanese soldiers dead. Maghakian managed to kill twelve Japanese soldiers by the end of the campaign.[13]

Battle of Tinian

When orders were received to seize the island of Tinian of the Mariana Islands, the task was given to the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions. The seizure would become known as the Battle of Tinian (24 July – 1 August 1944), and it would take ten days for the island to be secured.[3] Maghakian, who took part in the fighting, raised the American flag on the island after its capture.[7]

Battle of Saipan

Maghakian was either part of the third or fourth wave of Marines to land on the beaches of Saipan. Landing under heavy artillery and mortar fire, the Marines dug in and fought throughout the day and night. The Marines managed to capture a Japanese aircraft field at the southern tip of the island, which was captured twenty-six days later. Maghakian was once more sent to the United States for treatment.[3]

Awards and decorations

Victor Maghakian's military awards and decorations include:[4][8][13][18]
Navy Cross Silver Star Medal with gold 5/16 inch star (two awards) Bronze Star Medal with gold 5/16 inch star (two awards) Presidential Unit Citation with two bronze ​3⁄16 inch stars (three awards)
Navy Unit Commendation Purple Heart with gold 5/16 inch star (two awards) Good Conduct Medal China Service Medal
American Defense Service Medal American Campaign Medal Asiatic-Pacific Campaign with one silver and two bronze 3/16 inch campaign stars (seven campaigns) World War II Victory Medal

Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Platoon Sergeant Victor Maghakian (MCSN: 251055), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous devotion to duty while serving as a Platoon Sergeant of Company A, SECOND Marine Raider Battalion, during the Marine Raider Expedition against the Japanese-held island of Makin in the Gilbert Islands on 17 and 18 August 1942. Leading his platoon with great skill and determination, Platoon Sergeant Maghakian charged the beachhead with the landing force and was the first casualty in this operation. After receiving first aid, he returned to the front and remained there, courageously leading his men until directed by the Medical Officer to return to the rear. His gallant devotion to duty and complete disregard for his own personal safety were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.[19]

First Silver Star citation

Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Platoon Sergeant Victor Maghakian (MCSN: 251055), United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity while serving with Company A, Second Marine Raider Battalion during operations against enemy Japanese forces on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, on 3 December 1942. When his platoon, acting as point, was heavily engaged with a strong enemy combat patrol at Nambula, and his platoon leader gravely wounded, Platoon Sergeant Maghakian immediately assumed command and, in the face of determined Japanese fire, led part of his platoon against a machine-gun position with marked success. Although wounded during the action, he steadfastly remained at his post until loss of blood forced his evacuation. His initiative, courage, and heroic devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.[19]

Second Silver Star citation

Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Silver Star to Gunnery Sergeant Victor Maghakian (MCSN: 251055), United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity while serving with Reconnaissance Company, Headquarters Battalion, FOURTH Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces from the beginning of the Kwajalein Operation to the close of the Eniwetok Campaign (31 January - 23 February 1944). A seasoned fighter, Gunnery Sergeant Maghakian soundly instructed his men in jungle fighting and in Japanese combat tactics, carefully maintaining the company's weapons in perfect firing order despite difficult operating conditions. Fearlessly aggressive in combat, he personally annihilated the last four Japanese on Mellu Island and, when a platoon on Rigill Island was pinned down by fire from automatic weapons, valiantly led a small detachment around the enemy flank and removed the danger at its source with a well-aimed hand grenade. His outstanding performance, keen initiative and heroic devotion to duty throughout were an inspiration to those with whom he served and reflect the highest credit upon Gunnery Sergeant Maghakian and the United States Naval Service.[19]

Legacy

In 1981, the outpatient clinic of the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Fresno, California, was named after him.[8][20] The opening ceremony of the clinic was attended by Lee Marvin who during a speech stated, "most of us stayed alive due to his excellent training. He was truly a sergeant who cared for his men."[6]

The 1943 film Gung Ho! was based on the Makin Island raid led by Lieutenant Colonel Evans Carlson's 2nd Marine Raider Battalion which Victor Maghakian participated in.[9][12] Maghakian's role was played by famed actor Sam Levene. [8] Maghakian was also the technical advisor to the movie.[6][8] In the movie the Maghakian character is wrongly identified as having been killed while in support of a marine operating a tractor to destroy a radio station. There is no accounting for this change to the plot line.

On September 17, 1996, during the 2nd Session of the 104th Congress, U.S. Representative George Radanovich paid tribute to Victor Maghakian's dedication and service to the United States Military during World War II.[7]

References
  1. Demirjian, Richard N. (1996). Triumph and glory : Armenian World War II heroes. Moraga, Calif.: Ararat Heritage Publ. p. 145. ISBN 9780962294518. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  2. Bulbulian, Berge (2000). The Fresno Armenians: History of a Diaspora Community. Fresno: California State University Press. p. 193. ISBN 0912201355. Retrieved 14 March 2013. He was one of the most decorated military men in World War II having won the Navy Cross, Silver Star with Gold Star, Bronze Star, the Purple Heart and many other medals.
  3. Tashjian, James H. (1952). "'Transport' Maghakian". Armenian Review. 5: 43. Retrieved March 14, 2013. He fought from the Makin Raid through Tinian in the Pacific, came out of it all, on the testimony of the Department of the Navy, "one of the highest decorated" Marines of World War II.
  4. Rehart, Catherine Morison (1996). The Valley's Legends & Legacies. 1. Quill Driver Books. p. 140. ISBN 9781884995125. Retrieved March 14, 2013. Although many believed that one of these young men was the most decorated U.S. Marine in World War II, it could be said with certainty that he was Fresno's most decorated military hero.
  5. Other sources include:
    • Mooradian, Moorad (November 30, 1991). "Military: Arms and the Man". Armenian International Magazine. Glendale, CA. 2 (10). ISSN 1050-3471.
    • "Maghakian, Victor J." Official Website of the U.S. Marine Raider Association & Foundation.
    • Radanovich, George P. (May 1, 1997). "Tribute To Victor "Transport" Maghakian". Congressional Record. United States Government. 143 (55): E815. Retrieved March 14, 2013. A legend of World War II, Maghakian was one of the most decorated and well-respected soldiers of the war.
    • "Richard Demirjian Introduces New Book on Armenian Military Heroes to Fresno Community". Armenian Reporter International. August 14, 2004. Maghakian, a captain in the U.S. Marine Corps, was one of the most decorated marines in World War II. Nicknamed "Transport," he was awarded the Navy Cross Medal, the Silver Star, a Purple Heart a Bronze Star and a Presidential Unit citation.
    • "Marine Corps Hero from Fresno Dies". Lodi News. August 19, 1977. Retrieved March 28, 2013. Maghakian, one of the most decorated Marines In the war, died at a local hospital Wednesday at the age of 61
    • "Hero Of Makin Island Credited With Rescuing Unit In Eniwetok Action" (Volume III, No. 22). Marine Corps Chevron. June 3, 1944. Retrieved 15 March 2013. Maghakian, one of this war's most decorated fighting men, already holds the Navy Cross, the Purple Heart, a Gold Star in lieu of another Purple Heart, and his first Silver Star. He was awarded the second Silver Star for his part in the Marshall Islands campaign.
    • "Victor Maghakian". ArmeniaFest. Maghakian, who died in 1977, was one of the most decorated soldiers in World War II, receiving over two dozen medals for heroism including two Silver Stars, the Bronze Stars, and two Purple Hearts.
  6. Wukovits, John (2009). American commando Evans Carlson, his WWII Marine raiders, and America's first Special Forces mission. New York: NAL Caliber. ISBN 9781101057452. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  7. Radanovich, George P. (September 17, 1996). "Tribute to Victor Maghakian" (PDF). United States Government. Congressional Record. 142 (128). Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  8. Mooradian, Moorad (November 30, 1991). "Military: Arms and the Man". Armenian International Magazine. Glendale, CA. 2 (10). ISSN 1050-3471.
  9. "Victor Maghakian". ArmeniaFest.
  10. "Marine Corps Hero from Fresno Dies". Lodi News. August 19, 1977. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
  11. Secrest, William B Jr. (May 25, 1996). "`Transport' Maghakian served his country well as a Marine". The Fresno Bee. p. B.5. Capt. Maghakian now sleeps at Ararat Cemetery
  12. "Hero Of Makin Island Credited With Rescuing Unit In Eniwetok Action" (Volume III, No. 22). Marine Corps Chevron. June 3, 1944. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
  13. Miller, Merle (April 28, 1944). "Transport Maghakian's Revenge". Yank Magazine. pp. 8–9. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  14. Le Francois, W. S. (December 4, 1943). "We Mopped Up Makin Island". Saturday Evening Post. 216 (23): 4. ISSN 0048-9239.
  15. Sterner, C. Douglas, ed. (2006). Navy Cross Awards To U.S. Marines: Part 2 – Last Names M — Z. Home of Heroes. p. 1. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  16. "Marine Hero Given Medal: Fresno Marine Sergeant Wounded While Leading Men on Makin Island". Los Angeles Times. January 25, 1943. The skill and determination with which Sergt. Victor Maghakian, 27, of Fresno led his platoon of marines in the Makin Island raid last August won him the Navy Cross. Maj. Gen. William P. Upshur, commanding general, Department of the Pacific, U.S.M.C., pinned the cross on Maghakian's tunic.
  17. "Two Marines Decorated for Heroism". Los Angeles Times. May 7, 1943.
  18. Tashjian, James H. (1952). The Armenian American in World War II. Hairenik Association. p. 34.
  19. "Victor Maghakian". Military Times.
  20. Blum, Deborah (May 20, 1981). "Outpatient Center at VA Hospital Honors War Hero Victor Maghakian". Fresno Bee. pp. Dl, D4.
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