Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne

Walter Ernest Christopher James, 4th Baron Northbourne (18 January 1896 – 17 June 1982), was an English agriculturalist, author and rower who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne

Personal information
Birth name	Walter Ernest Christopher James
Born	18 January 1896 Kensington, London, England
Died	17 June 1982 (aged 86) Dover, England
Sport
Sport	Rowing
Medal record Men's rowing Representing  Great Britain Olympic Games 1920 Antwerp Eight

Life

James was the son of Walter John James, 3rd Baron Northbourne, and his wife Laura Gwennlian (née Rice). He was educated at Sandroyd School and Eton College, then Oxford University where he studied agricultural science and was also an accomplished rower. In 1920 he was a member of the Oxford crew in the Boat Race. He was also a member of the Leander eight which won the silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1920 Summer Olympics, coming within half a length of winning.[1] In 1921 he rowed for Oxford again in the Boat Race.

Lord Northbourne married Katherine Louise, daughter of George Augustus Nickerson, in 1925. She died in 1980. Lord Northbourne survived her by two years and died in June 1982, aged 86. He was succeeded in his titles by his son Christopher.[2]

Agriculture and writing

James later applied the theories of Rudolf Steiner to the family estate at Kent. In 1939 he travelled to Switzerland to visit the leading exponent of biodynamic agriculture, Dr Ehrenfried Pfeiffer.[3] The outcome of that visit was that he hosted, at his farm in Kent, the Betteshanger Summer School and Conference, the first biodynamic farming conference to be held in Britain.[3] James subsequently coined the term "organic farming"[4] from the concept of "the farm as organism" and has the best claim to being the "father" of organic agriculture.[5] He published the book Look to the Land in 1940, which raises many of the issues current to discussions of organic agriculture. After reading Look to the Land, the philosopher and author Marco Pallis contacted Lord Northbourne and later introduced him to the writings of the Traditionalist (also known as Perennialist) philosophy. Lord Northbourne eventually integrated this thinking into his own writings and life, and became a correspondent with many of the most prominent writers of this school, as well as with Thomas Merton.[6] He was also a frequent contributor to the quarterly journal, Studies in Comparative Religion, which dealt with religious symbolism and the Traditionalist perspective.[7]

Lord Northbourne was the English translator for the works of several fellow Traditionalists including René Guénon's major work, The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times, Light on the Ancient Worlds by Frithjof Schuon, and Sacred Art in East and West by Titus Burckhardt.[7]

Bibliography

• Look to the Land (1940)
• Religion in the Modern World (1963)
• Looking Back on Progress (1970)

See also

• List of Oxford University Boat Race crews
• The Matheson Trust

References

1. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Walter James". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
2. the Peerage.com
3. Paull, John (2011) "The Betteshanger Summer School: Missing link between biodynamic agriculture and organic farming", Journal of Organic Systems, 6(2):13–26.
4. Paull, John, "The Farm as Organism: The Foundational Idea of Organic Agriculture" Journal of Bio-Dynamics Tasmania, (80) 14–18, 2006
5. http://orgprints.org/10138
6. "Lord Northbourne: “Life and Work.” World Wisdom. World Wisdom Authors, Lord Northbourne
7. Paull, John (2014) Lord Northbourne, the man who invented organic farming, a biography, Journal of Organic Systems, 9 (1), pp. 31–53.