Wanyan

The Wanyan (Chinese: 完颜; pinyin: Wányán; Manchu:ᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ Wanggiyan; Jurchen script: ) clan was among of the clans of the Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the time of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Of the Heishui Mohe, the clan was counted by the Liao dynasty among the "uncivilized Jurchens" (生女真) indicating that the clan was not subject to the direct rule of the Liao emperors. Those Heishui Mohe clans ruled by the Liao dynasty were referred to as "civilized Jurchens" (熟女真). The Wanyan clan later founded the Jin dynasty.

Wanyan
Country	Jin Empire (China)
Founded	1115
Founder	Aguda
Final ruler	Hudun
Titles	Emperor of the Jin Empire
Estate(s)	Palaces in Huining Prefecture and Zhongdu
Deposition	1234

Origins

The origins of the clan are obscure. According to sources such as the History of Jin (Jinshi 金史) and the Research on the Origin of the Manchus (Manzhou yuanliu kao 滿洲源流考), the clan's progenitor Hanpu emigrated from the kingdom of Goryeo or Silla at the age of sixty.[1] However, controversy exists as to the ethno-cultural identity of Hanpu, and the factual validity of the story itself.

Founding of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty

A bixi stone originally erected on the grave of Wanyan Asikui (阿思魁, ?-1136), one of Aguda's generals, near modern-day Ussuriysk in 1193. The monument is now exhibited in Khabarovsk Regional Museum.

In 1115 AD, Wanyan Aguda, the chieftain of the Wanyan clan at the time, founded the Jurchen Jin dynasty. Before his death in 1123, he also ended the Liao dynasty. Two years later, his brother Wanyan Wuqimai invaded the Song dynasty and conquered northern China in the Jin–Song Wars. Thereafter the Jurchens became sinicized; this can be seen in the sinicization of the surname "Wanyan" to "Wang" in the official Jurchen historical records.

Downfall and in the modern day

The Jurchen Jin dynasty was destroyed in 1234 AD by an allied Mongol and Han Chinese (under the Southern Song dynasty) force. After their victory, both Mongol and Chinese entities declared that people with the surname "Wanyan" were considered to be related to the royal line of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, and therefore such individuals were to be executed immediately. For the sake of survival, those people with the surname "Wanyan" either changed the name to a Han Chinese form or moved to a remote area to avoid capture and execution. In present-day China, few descendants have kept the surname "Wanyan."

Notable figures

Males

• Hafeng'a (哈丰阿), held a title of master commandant of light chariot (轻车都尉, pinyin: qingcheduwei)
• Qing'en (庆恩), served as sixth rank literary official

Prince Consort

Date	Prince Consort	Princess
1609	Chuoheluo (綽和絡)	Šurhaci's seventh daughter (b. 1597) by secondary consort (Gūwalgiya)
1943	Ailan (愛蘭; 1921–2005)	Zaifeng's sixth daughter (Yunyu; 1919–1982) by secondary consort (Denggiya)

Females

Imperial Consort

Imperial Consort	Emperor	Sons	Daughters
Concubine Jing	Kangxi Emperor
Consort Shu	Jiaqing Emperor
Consort Zhuang (d. 1811)

Princess Consort

Princess Consort	Prince	Sons	Daughters
Secondary consort	Yunreng, Prince Limi	7. Duke Hongtiao (1714–1774) 11. Hongbing (1720–1763)
Mistress	Yunzhi, Prince Chengyin	11. Hongyi (1715–1754)
	Prince Yuntang	5. Hongding (1711–1782)	1. (1701–1725) 3. (1704–1727)
	Yuntao, Prince Lüyi		5. Lady (1740–1797)
Primary consort	Yunti, Prince Xunqin	2. Prince Hongming (1705–1767) 4. Hongkai (1707–1759)
Secondary consort	Yongzhang, Prince Xun
	Yongcheng, Prince Lüduan	1. Mianhui, Prince Lü (1764–1796)	2. Princess (1769–1787) 3. Princess (b. 1776)
	Mian'en
Primary consort	Mianke, Prince Zhuangxiang
Mistress	Yicong, Prince Dunqin	5. General Zaijin (1859–1896)

See also

• Category:Wanyan family – Wanyan family members (in Chinese)
• List of Manchu clans
• Plain White Banner

References

• Visiting the Wanyan Village in Jingchuan, Gansu Province (in Chinese language)

1. Original passage: 金之始祖諱函普，初從高麗來，年已六十餘矣. From Jinshi 金史, chapter 1; Zhonghua shuju edition (1974), p. 2. The same claim was later made in Chapter 7 of Research on the Origin of the Manchus (Manzhou yuanliu kao 滿洲源流考), which was presented to the Qing throne in 1777. That book referred to Hanpu as "Hafu" (哈富).