White Buffalo Calf Woman

White Buffalo Calf Woman (Lakȟótiyapi: Ptesáŋwiŋ)[1] or White Buffalo Maiden is a sacred woman of supernatural origin, central to the Lakota religion as the primary cultural prophet. Oral traditions relate that she brought the "Seven Sacred Rites" to the Lakota people. She is identified with the Virgin Mary by Lakota Catholics

Image of White Buffalo Calf Woman at the Sioux Spiritual Center in Howes, South Dakota

Buffalo are considered sacred to many of the Plains nations, who often consider them linked to creation, medicine and bringers of sacred messages from the ancestors.[2]

Story

The traditional story is that, 19 generations ago, there was a time of famine. The chief of the Lakota sent out two scouts to hunt for food. While the young men travelled they saw a white cloud in the distance. Then, from the cloud, they saw a woman. As they approached, they saw that it was a beautiful young woman in white buckskin. She had dark hair, skin and eyes. One of the men was filled with lust for the woman. He approached her, telling his companion he would attempt to claim her as a wife. His companion warned him that she appeared to be a sacred woman, and to do anything sacrilegious would be dangerous and disrespectful, but his advice was ignored.

The second man watched as the first approached and embraced the woman, during which time the cloud enveloped the pair. When the cloud disappeared, only the mysterious woman and a pile of the man's bones remained. The remaining man was frightened, and began to draw his bow. But the holy woman beckoned him forward, telling him that no harm would come to him, as she could see into his heart and he did not have the motives the first man had. As the woman spoke Lakota, the young man decided she was one of his people, and came forward.

At this time, the woman explained that she was wakȟáŋ (holy, having spiritual and supernatural powers). She further explained that if he did as she instructed, his people would rise again. The scout promised to do what she instructed, and was told to return to his encampment, call the Council, and prepare a feast for her arrival. She taught the Lakota seven sacred ceremonies to protect the Mother Earth and gave them the čhaŋnúŋpa, the sacred ceremonial pipe.

The seven ceremonies are:

  1. Inípi (purification lodge)
  2. Haŋbléčheyapi (crying for vision)
  3. Wiwáŋyaŋg Wačhípi (Sun Dance)
  4. Huŋkalowaŋpi (making of relatives)
  5. Išnáthi Awíčhalowaŋpi (female puberty ceremony)
  6. Tȟápa Waŋkáyeyapi (throwing of the ball)
  7. Wanáǧi Yuhápi (soul keeping)[3]

Each part of the čhaŋnúŋpa (stem, bowl, tobacco, breath, and smoke) is symbolic of the relationships of the natural world, the elements, humans and the spiritual beings that maintain the cycle of the universe.[4]

See also

References
  1. Ullrich, Jan. (2008). New Lakota Dictionary. Lakota Language Consortium. ISBN 0-9761082-9-1."
  2. Schilling, Vincent (2014-10-28). "Our Brothers and Sisters: 5 Sacred Animals and What They Mean in Native Cultures". Indian Country Today Media Network.com. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  3. Elk, Black (1953). The sacred pipe : Black Elk's account of the seven rites of the Oglala Sioux. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-2124-6. OCLC 772729.
  4. "Sacred Pipe of the Lakota Sioux". The Pluralism Project. Retrieved June 20, 2020.

Sources
  • Walker, James R.: Lakota Belief and Ritual (University of Nebraska Press, 1980, ISBN 0-8032-2551-2 ; Bison Books, 1991 ISBN 0-8032-9731-9)
  • Powers, William K.: Oglala Religion (University of Nebraska Press, 1975,1977; ISBN 0-8032-8706-2)
  • Pickering, Robert B. : Seeing the White Buffalo. (Denver Museum of Natural History & Johnson Books), 1997; ISBN 1-55566-181-5 & 1-55566-182-3.
  • Ullrich, Jan. (2008). New Lakota Dictionary. Lakota Language Consortium. ISBN 0-9761082-9-1.
  • Costello ,Damian: Black Elk: Colonialism and Lakota Catholicism(Orbis Books, 2005, ISBN 978-1-57075-580-4)


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