William Wilkinson (architect)

William Wilkinson (1819–1901) was a British Gothic Revival architect who practised in Oxford, England.

William Wilkinson
Born	1819[1]
Died	1901[1]
Nationality	British
Occupation	Architect
Practice	Wilkinson and Moore (from 1881)
Buildings	Randolph Hotel, Oxford; Shelswell Park, Shelswell, Oxfordshire
Projects	St Edward's School, Oxford; Norham Manor Estate, Oxford

Family

The Randolph Hotel, Oxford between the Martyrs' Memorial (left) and Taylor Institution (just visible, right)

Wilkinson's father was a builder in Witney in Oxfordshire.[2] William's elder brother George Wilkinson (1814–1890) was also an architect, as were William's nephews C.C. Rolfe (died 1907) and H.W. Moore (1850–1915).[1]

Career

Most of Wilkinson's buildings are in Oxfordshire. His major works include the Randolph Hotel in Oxford, completed in 1864. He was in partnership with his nephew H.W. Moore[1] from 1881.[3] In his long career Wilkinson had a number of pupils, including H.J. Tollit (1835–1904).[4]

Works

Churches

In 1841, at the age of only 22, Wilkinson designed a new Church of England parish church, Holy Trinity at Lew, Oxfordshire.[5] His other work on churches included:

• St Leonard's parish church, Eynsham: restoration, 1856[6]
• Witney Cemetery: lodge and two chapels, 1857[7]
• Witney Workhouse: chapel, 1860[8]
• All Saints' parish church, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire: Horton family mausoleum, 1866–67[9]
• St Andrew's parish church, Headington, Oxford: added north aisle, 1880[10]

Police buildings

Former police station in Witney

Wilkinson moved to Oxford in 1856 and succeeded J.C. Buckler as architect to the local police committee.[2] Oxfordshire County Constabulary was formed in 1857, and Wilkinson designed several buildings for the new force.

• Watlington police station, 1858–59[11]
• Witney police station, 1860[7]
• Woodstock police station, 1863[12]
• Chipping Norton police station, 1864–65[13]
• Burford police station, 1869[14]
• Magistrates' room at Deddington Court House, 1874[15]

Houses

Wilkinson designed Home Farm on the Shirburn Castle estate, built in 1856–57.[16] From 1860 he laid out the Norham Manor estate in north Oxford.[17][18] The estate was slowly developed with large villas, a number of which Wilkinson designed himself.[19] Wilkinson also designed town houses and small country houses elsewhere in Oxfordshire:

23 Cornhill, Banbury

• Hollybank, Wootton, 1862–63[20]
• 10, Broad Street, Oxford, 1863[21]
• Whittlebury, Northamptonshire: farmhouse, 1864[22]
• The Holt, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire, 1864[9]
• 60 Banbury Road, Oxford, 1865–66[23]
• Bignell House, Chesterton, 1866 (partly demolished)[24]
• 23 and 24 Cornhill, Banbury, 1866[25]
• Astrop Park, Northamptonshire: lodge, pheasantry and cottage, 1868[26]
• Witney Almshouses: restoration, 1868.[27]
• Brashfield House, Caversfield, 1871–73[28]
• Shelswell Park, Shelswell, 1875[29]
• Cowley Place (now St Hilda's College, Oxford): extension, 1877–78[30][31]

Clergy houses

A number of the houses that Wilkinson designed were for clergy. Most were for the Church of England, but he also designed a presbytery that was built for the Roman Catholic Church.

• Ramsden parsonage, 1862[32]
• Chadlington parsonage, 1863 (now Chadlington House)[33]
• Duns Tew rectory, 1864 (now Priory Court)[34]
• Godington parsonage, 1867 (now the Old Vicarage)[35]
• Upper Heyford parsonage, 1869[36]
• Rousham rectory: enlargement and remodelling, 1873.[37]
• St Aloysius' presbytery, Woodstock Road, Oxford, 1877–78[38]
• Combe vicarage and Institute (with H.W. Moore), 1892–93[39]

Educational establishments

Wilkinson designed the library for the Oxford Union, built in 1863.[40] He designed a number of schools, of which the largest was St Edward's School, Oxford, whose buildings he completed in phases from 1873 until 1886.[41][42] His other schools include:

• Hailey School, 1848[43]
• Minster Lovell School, 1870–72[44]
• Burford Elementary School, 1875–77[45]
• Thame Grammar School, 1877–79[46]
• Salesian College, Crescent Road, Cowley, 1880[47]

Industrial buildings

Late in his career Wilkinson undertook one industrial commission: a new smith shop and foundry for William Lucy's Eagle Ironworks in Jericho, Oxford. This single-storey building was completed in 1879.[48] It was demolished after Lucy ceased production in England in 2005.[49]

Publications

• Wilkinson, William (1875) [1870]. English Country Houses: Sixty-one Views and Plans of Recently Erected Mansions, Private Residences, Parsonage-Houses, Farm-Houses, Lodges, and Cottages; with Sketches of Furniture and Fittings; and a Practical Treatise on House-Building (second ed.). London: James Parker and Co.

See also

• List of Oxford architects

References

1. Brodie et al. 2001, p. 994.
2. Tyack 1998, p. 234.
3. Tyack 1998, p. 267.
4. Woolley 2010, p. 71.
5. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 682–683.
6. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 600.
7. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 846.
8. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 851.
9. Pevsner & Cherry 1973, p. 306.
10. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 336.
11. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 830.
12. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 857.
13. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 539.
14. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 509.
15. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 572.
16. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 763.
17. Tyack 1998, pp. 234–235.
18. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 317.
19. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 318.
20. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 860.
21. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 313.
22. Pevsner & Cherry 1973, p. 461.
23. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 319.
24. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 618.
25. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 440.
26. Pevsner & Cherry 1973, p. 529.
27. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 847.
28. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 524.
29. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 753.
30. Tyack 1998, p. 323.
31. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 245.
32. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 734.
33. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 525.
34. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 591.
35. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 613.
36. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 821.
37. Crossley 1983, pp. 159–168. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrossley1983 (help)
38. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 289, 332.
39. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 553.
40. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 273.
41. Tyack 1998, p. 238.
42. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 332.
43. Townley 2004, pp. 254–255.
44. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 710.
45. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 510.
46. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 809.
47. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 343.
48. Woolley 2010, pp. 85, 86.
49. Woolley 2010, p. 87.

Sources

• Brodie, Antonia; Felstead, Alison; Franklin, Jonathan; Pinfield, Leslie; Oldfield, Jane, eds. (2001). Directory of British Architects 1834–1914, L–Z. London & New York: Continuum. p. 994. ISBN 0-8264-5514-X.
• Crossley, Alan (ed.); Baggs, A.P.; Colvin, Christina; Colvin, H.M.; Cooper, Janet; Day, C.J.; Selwyn, Nesta; Tomkinson, A. (1983). A History of the County of Oxford. Victoria County History. 11: Wootton Hundred (northern part). London: Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research. pp. 159–168. ISBN 978-0-19722-758-9.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
• Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1973) [1961]. Northamptonshire. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071022-1.
• Saint, Andrew (1970). "Three Oxford Architects". Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society. XXXV: 53 ff. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
• Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.
• Townley, Simon C. (ed.); Baggs, A.P.; Chance, Eleanor; Colvin, Christina; Cooper, Janet; Day, C.J.; Selwyn, Nesta; Williamson, Elizabeth; Yates, Margaret (2004). A History of the County of Oxford. Victoria County History. 14: Witney and its Townships: Bampton Hundred (Part Two). Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer for the Institute of Historical Research. pp. 254–255. ISBN 978-1-90435-625-7.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
• Tyack, Geoffrey (1998). Oxford An Architectural Guide. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-817423-3.
• Woolley, Liz (2010). "Industrial Architecture in Oxford, 1870 to 1914". Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society. LXXV: 67–96. ISSN 0308-5562.