Yi Yuanji

Yi Yuanji (Chinese: 易元吉; Wade-Giles: I Yüan-chi) (c. 1000, Changsha, Hunan[1] – c. 1064) was a Northern Song Dynasty painter, famous for his realistic paintings of animals. According to Robert van Gulik, Yi Yuanji's paintings of gibbons were particularly celebrated.[2] [3]

Yi Yuanji, Monkey and Cats (fragment)

The 11th-century critic Guo Ruoxu (郭若虚) in his Overview of Painting (图画见闻志, Tuhua Jian Wen Zhi) tells this about Yi's career:[4][5]

... His painting was excellent: flowers and birds, bees and cicadas he rendered life-like with subtle detail. At first he specialized in flower and fruit, but after he had seen such paintings by Zhao Chang (趙昌), he admitted their superiority with a sigh, and then resolved he would acquire fame by painting subjects not yet tried by the artists of old; thus he began to paint roebucks and gibbons.

He spent months roaming the mountains of southern Hubei and northern Hunan, watching roebucks (獐鹿) and gibbons (猿狖) in their natural environment.[2]

A gibbon picture on a fan by Yi Yuanji

In 1064, Yi Yuanji was invited to paint screens in the imperial palace. Once this job has been completed, the Yingzong Emperor, impressed, commissioned him to paint the Picture of a Hundred Gibbons, but unfortunately the artist died after painting only a few gibbons.[1][2] A few of his other gibbon paintings have survived, and Robert van Gulik, quite familiar with the behavior of this ape, comments on how naturally they look in the pictures.[2] His other work includes depictions of deer, peacocks, birds-and-flowers and fruits-and-vegetables; many of them are kept in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.[1] The Monkey and Cats painting is especially charming.[6] Van Gulik identifies the monkey as a macaque.[2] This painting was featured on a 2004 "Year of the Monkey" stamp from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.[7]

The image of Yi Yuanji, with his intimate knowledge of nature, has attracted attention from modern Chinese painters.[8]

References
  1. I Yüan-chi
  2. Van Gulik, Robert Hans (1967), The gibbon in China: An essay in Chinese animal lore, E. J. Brill, Leiden, Holland. There is a brief summary at
  3. Thomas Geissmann, Gibbon paintings in China, Japan, and Korea: Historical distribution, production rate and context" . Gibbon Journal, No. 4, May 2008.
  4. English translation by Van Gulik, in Van Gulik (1967), p. 79
  5. Guo Ruoxu's text is also in this article (in Chinese)
  6. MASTERPIECES OF CHINESE ART, Time Magazine, May 6, 1957
  7. Feline Philately: Cats on stamps
  8. Painting by modern artist Fan Zeng (范曾) Yi Yuanji playing with a monkey (易元吉戏猴图)", painting by the modern Chinese artist Fang Zeng (范曾)
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